Malvinas en la Agenda de Política Exterior Argentina.

En españolEl autor analiza como la Adminsitración Menem significó un cambio profundo en la Política Exterior Argentina en relación a Malvinas. Destaca de que manera se privilegia la relación bilateral en lugar del marco multilateral, y como el canciller Di Tella decide tener en cuenta los deseos de los habitantes de las Islas rompiendo con una tradición histórica mantenida por Argentina en Naciones Unidas desde 1965 También se demuestra la contradicción entre el discurso y la realidad, a través de los mensajes que el Presidente Menem dirigió a la Asamblea Legislativa durante los últimos años sobre los derechos argentinos sobre las Islas y la prioridad que el mismo gobierno le otorga a los temas bilaterales económicos o comerciales, en su relación con el reino Unido, comprometiendo la suerte de la soberanía sore Malvinas.En inglésThe author analyses how Menem Administration has meant a deep change as regards Argentinian Foreing policy on Malvinas. He points out how the bilateral relation is privileged over the multilateral frame, as well as how Foreing Minister Di Tella has decided to take into consideration the desires of the islands' in habitants. By doing this, he has broken a whole historic tradition, kept by Argentina in the United Nations since 1965. Professor Bologna also shows the contradiction between discuorse and reality, through the messages President Menem adressed to the Legislative Assembly over the last few years, on the one hand; while, on the other, the government assigns priority, to the economic and commercial bilateral issues in their relationship with the United Kingdom. In this way, sovereignty is put at the ris

Conflicto Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte y República Argentina

En el estudio del sistema de relaciones de este conflicto, hemos dividido el trabajo en dos partes: 1. Descubrimiento desde 1502 a 1764 y 2. Ocupación desde 1764 a 1954.  Si existen dudas con respecto al descubrimiento de las Islas Malvinas, sin embargo, se admite con absoluta certeza, que los primeros ocupantes y colonizadores del archipiélago fueron los franceses.  Interesa pues dedicarse a este aspecto, ya que él mismo indica una nueva etapa en el sistema de relaciones entre los actores principales del conflicto y antes de la ocupación argentina

LA DEMOCRACIA Y LA ORGANIZACION DE ESTADOS AMERICANOS.

En españolEl trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) frente a los Golpes de Estado que se produjeron en la región Latinoamericana a partir de la década del 90. A partir de la XXI Asamblea General de la OEA realizada en Santiago de Chile en Junio de 1991, se establece un compromiso para el fortalecimiento democrático y se aprueba una resolución por la cual se debe convocar a una reunión de cancilleres en caso de un Golpe de Estado y la OEA podrá tomar las medidas que crea conveniente para restablecer la institucionalidad democrática. Se pretende observar el accionar de la OEA frente a los Golpes de Estado en Haití, Venezuela (fracazado) y Perú y la posible aplicación futura del artículo 8 bis de la Carta por el cual se debe suspender de la Organización al país en el cual se produce un Golpe de Estado.En inglésThe aim of this paper is to analyse the OAS (Organization of American States) reaction to the military coups in Latin America during the nineties. On ocassion of the XXI OAS General Assembly held in Santiago de Chile in June, 1991, a compromise was reached to promete the strengthening of democracy. A resolution was approved, which established that, in case of a military coup, a meeting of Foreign Ministers should be called, and the OAS should be able to take all the necessary steps to restore democracy. The OAS role in the case of the violent interruption of democratie regimes in Haití, Venezuela (which failed), and Perú, will be studied, as well as the possible application of article 8 bis of the Charter, which set up that in such a cases the state's member ship to the OAS should be suspended

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of the Jet Mass Distribution and Top Quark Mass in Hadronic Decays of Boosted Top Quarks in pp Collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement is reported of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks produced in pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of t (t) over bar events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay t -> bW -> bq (q) over bar' are reconstructed as a single jet with transverse momentum larger than 400 GeV. The t (t) over bar cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded at the particle level and used to extract a value of the top quark mass of 172.6 +/- 2.5 GeV. A novel jet reconstruction technique is used for the first time at the LHC, which improves the precision by a factor of 3 relative to an earlier measurement. This highlights the potential of measurements using boosted top quarks, where the new technique will enable future precision measurements.Peer reviewe

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe