Avaliação da qualidade de brotação de gemas em mudas de macieira da variedade Fuji

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Agronomia.Este trabalho teve por objetivo central a observação do comportamento de mudas de macieira da variedade Fuji, submetidos à condição de frio em diferentes períodos em câmara fria. O estabelecimento do experimento teve problemas de planejamento e levou a erros experimentais. Assim, pretendeu-se levantar alguns erros que impediram a análise e comparação de resultados. Os erros experimentais podem ser observados a partir da análise do Delineamento experimental; época de plantio em diferentes datas; Interferência no uso do Dormex® para validação da eficiência do acúmulo de unidades de frio; troca de pesquisadores durante as etapas do experimento, entre outros. Através dos erros experimentais apresentados, gerou-se uma série de discussões, que perante a importância desse trabalho, foi idealizado uma nova condução desse experimento. Para avaliar a brotação e desenvolvimento de mudas da variedade Fuji, as mudas foram submetidas à temperatura de 2°C em câmara fria, em diferentes números de dias, que acumularam diferentes unidades de frio: zero; 240; 480; 720; 960 e 1200 h, os quais foram identificados com T0, T1, T3, T4, T5 e T6. As mudas foram avaliadas durante 30 dias em condição de campo após terem recebido os tratamentos em câmara fria. Os dados de brotação foram analisados pelos parâmetros de número de dias para brotação, acúmulo de horas de frio e porcentagem de gemas brotadas. No campo, as plantas acumularam mais unidades de frio, que também foram contabilizadas. O tratamento com 50 dias em câmara fria teve o melhor resultado, em relação ao número de dias para iniciar a brotação das gemas, que acumulou 1200 h em câmara fria e 150,5 h a campo de unidade de frio, brotando em 28 dias, seguido do tratamento com 40 dias em câmara fria, que acumulou 960 h em câmara fria e 792,5 h a campo de unidade de frio, brotando em 38 dias, evidenciando que quanto maior o número de unidades de frio na dormência, mais rápido acontecerá à brotação das gemas da variedade Fuji. Observou-se que o tratamento com 50 dias em câmara fria, apresentou maior porcentagem de brotação 30,6%, em relação aos demais tratamentos, sendo o tratamento com mais uniformidade de brotação. Porém todos os dados obtidos nesse trabalho, não possuem confiabilidade para que possamos confirmar as hipóteses levantadas, pois não foi possível utilizar técnicas estatísticas para validar os dados, por conta dos erros experimentais ocorridos no experimento. Uma nova metodologia científica foi proposta para um futuro desenvolvimento dessa pesquisaThis term paper had the mainly objective the observation of seedlings behavior of Fuji Apple-tree, put through cold condition in different periods in cold room. The trial had planning problems, which have brought some mistakes. Therefore, pretends to research them, that hinder, analyzes and comparisons of the results. Mistakes may be observed based on trial design analyze, planting season in different dates, interference of Dormex® usage to validate the efficiency of cold units accumulation, researchers exchanges during of experiment steps, among others. Through error testes presented, brought a plenty of new discussion and due the importance of this research was idealized a new experiment conduction. To evaluate seedlings growth and development, they were exposed to temperature of 2º C in cold room, in random numbers of days, which accumulates distinct units of zero cold; 240; 480; 720; 960 and 1200 hours, of which were identified with T0, T1, T3; T4; T5 and T6. Seedlings were tested for 30 days in country condition after received the threats in cold room. The growth data were analyzed by parameters of growth number days, time accumulation of cold units, which was recorded at the same time. The treatment T6 with 50 days in cold room have had the best result related to number of days to start the gems growth, which accumulated 1200 hours in cold room and 150 hours in country of cold units, growing in 28 days. Followed by treatment T5 with 40 days in cold room, which accumulated 960 hour into that and 792,5 hour in country of cold units, growing in 38 days, evidencing that, as higher the cold units in numbness, as faster will happen the Fuji gems growth. Observed that treatment T5, presented higher percentage of growth, 30, 6% higher related to the others, getting more growth uniformity. However, not all data obtained in this term paper have reliability, which would confirm hypotheses brought into that, because of that was not possible to use statistical techniques to evaluate data, on behalf of experimental errors occurred on that. A new scientific methodology was proposed to a future development from this researc

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

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