Heat-stable metagenomic carbonic andydrases and their use

The present invention relates to polypeptides having carbonic anhydrase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides

Mechanistic Studies on Diamine Oxidase

To investigate the enzyme pea seedling diamine oxidase our studies concentrated on three main areas: 1. mechanistic studies of the oxidative deamination of primary diamines catalysed by diamine oxidase; 2. oxidation of aromatic compounds with amine side chains by pea seedling diamine oxidase; and 3. inhibition of pea seedling diamine oxidase. To make use of diamines synthesised within the research group a fourth area was studied: 4. synthesis of cisplatin analogues. Mechanistic Studies of the Diamine Oxidase-Catalysed Deamination of Diamines Diamine oxidase catalyses the oxidative deamination of diamines to their corresponding aminoaldehydes (Scheme A). To test the hypothesis that the diamine oxidase-catalysed oxidation proceeds via an enamine intermediate (i) we prepared a number of alpha,o-diamines labelled with deuterium at the beta-positions. The [2H4]-labelled diamines and the corresponding unlabelled diamines were incubated with pea seedling diamine oxidase and the products were trapped with benzoylacetic acid in situ. (Scheme B). This gave substituted acetophenone products (ii) which were analysed by NMR and mass spectrometry. From a comparison of the spectroscopic data we were able to show that the enamine intermediate (i) is not involved in the enzymatic process. 2. Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds with Amine Side Chains by Pea Seedling Diamine Oxidase A range of quinoline, pyridine, thiophene and pyrrole derivatives with amine side chains were synthesised and tested as substrates of pea seedling diamine oxidase using a spectrophotometric assay which measures the hydrogen peroxide by-product of the enzymatic reaction. From this assay Vmax and Km values were obtained for the oxidation of each substrate using diamine oxidase. The Vmax is the maximal rate of oxidation and gives an indication of the oxidation rate for the various substrates. The KM is a measure of the strength of the enzyme-substrate complex and determines the binding efficiency of the substrate to the enzyme. Analysis of this kinetic data provided information on the enzymatic process and the nature of the pea enzyme's active site. Comparison of the kinetic data obtained from the various aromatic substrates enabled us to study the effect on the binding affinity and rate of oxidation from changes to the ring size of the substrates. The role of the second amine group was also explored using nitrogen heterocycles with amine side chains. 3. Inhibition of Pea Seedling Diamine Oxidase Polyamines are known to be essential in the growth and replication of cells, and diamine oxidase plays a key role in the polyamine metabolism with the oxidative deamination of diamines. Inhibitors of diamine oxidase should therefore have a considerable effect on the polyamine metabolism and hence cell growth. With this in mind inhibitors of diamine oxidase may possess important biological activity. Compounds which were shown to be poor substrates but efficient binders of the pea seedling diamine oxidase from our initial studies were tested as inhibitors. These tests were carried out using the same spectrophotometric assay as before, but which had been modified to include the inhibitor. Most of the compounds tested were found to inhibit the diamine oxidase-catalysed deamination of putrescine and were shown to be competitive inhibitors. 4. The Synthesis of Cisplatin Analogues Cisplatin (iii) is a widely used anticancer drug, but its therapeutic value is limited by the number of toxic side effects which it exhibits. To make use of the diamines available from other studies, we attempted to make cisplatin analogues with various diamines used as bidentate ligands. As there were no examples of unsaturated diamines being used in cisplatin analogues we used cis-1.4-diaminobut-2-ene (iv) which had previously shown antibiotic activity. We made our target compound cis-1,4-diamino(dichloro)-platinum (II) (v), but were unable to make our second target cis-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum (II) (vi)

Forecast-Oriented Assessment of Decadal Hindcast Skill for North Atlantic SST

We demonstrate in this paper that conventional time-averaged decadal hindcast skill estimates can overestimate or underestimate the credibility of an individual decadal climate forecast.We show that hindcast skill in a long period can be higher or lower than skill in its subperiods. Instead of using time-averaged hindcast skill measures, we propose to use the physical state of the climate system at the beginning of the forecast to judge its credibility.We analyze hindcasts of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) in an initialized prediction system based on the MPI-ESM-LR for the period 1901–2010. Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean heat transport (OHT) strength at hindcast initialization largely determines the skill of these hindcasts:We find high skill after anomalously strong or weak OHT, but low skill after average OHT. This knowledge can be used to constrain conventional hindcast skill estimates to improve the assessment of credibility for a decadal forecast

Exile Vol. XXII No. 1

PROSE Dust by Katie Tight 4-13 The Masculine Cure by Elizabeth Thomas 14-19 The Rats Still Sleep At Night by Wolfgang Borchert (translated from the German by Eric Fridman) 20-22 Largo for a Pelican by Morgan Wills 23-25 Role by Anne Tomfohrde 26-29 Goody Two-Shoes Meets the Cincinnati Kid by Kim McMullen 30-38 In the Final Analysis (Psychological or Otherwise): A Review of Carl Jung\u27s Theory of Art by Issa Christian Halabi 39-42 POETRY Here by Fayad Jamis (translated from the Spanish by Joseph R. deArmas) 44 No. 236 by Dawn Patnode 45 No. 237 by Dawn Patnode 46 In my Room by Ulf Miehe 47 Saturday Night Lament by Woodrow Jones 48-49 Basho\u27s Hut by Lenore Mayhew 50 From a Train: Ireland by Kim McMullen 51 Suggested by One Hundred Years Of Solitude by Martin Cloran 52 (to L. Martynov) by Yevgeny Yevtushenko 53 At Sea by Paul Bennett 54 Words In A Line by Lawrence Weber 55 a leave-taking by Debra Allbery 56 untitled by Alison Orleans 57 As The Water Whittles in Colour by Lawrence Weber 58-59 Falconsong or Falcon Song by The Man from Kurenben (translated from the German by John Kessler) 60 POUND Introduction 62 Response from Hugh Kenner 63 Response from Mary de Rachewiltz 64 The Cantos: The Vision of Ezra Pound by William McNaughton 65-78 CONTRIBUORS 79-80 Cover sketch by Lisa Rope Pound Photograph Courtesy of Bill McNaughto

DFB Lasers Between 760 nm and 16 μm for Sensing Applications

Recent years have shown the importance of tunable semiconductor lasers in optical sensing. We describe the status quo concerning DFB laser diodes between 760 nm and 3,000 nm as well as new developments aiming for up to 80 nm tuning range in this spectral region. Furthermore we report on QCL between 3 μm and 16 μm and present new developments. An overview of the most interesting applications using such devices is given at the end of this paper

Current and emerging developments in subseasonal to decadal prediction

Weather and climate variations of subseasonal to decadal timescales can have enormous social, economic and environmental impacts, making skillful predictions on these timescales a valuable tool for decision makers. As such, there is a growing interest in the scientific, operational and applications communities in developing forecasts to improve our foreknowledge of extreme events. On subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, these include high-impact meteorological events such as tropical cyclones, extratropical storms, floods, droughts, and heat and cold waves. On seasonal to decadal (S2D) timescales, while the focus remains broadly similar (e.g., on precipitation, surface and upper ocean temperatures and their effects on the probabilities of high-impact meteorological events), understanding the roles of internal and externally-forced variability such as anthropogenic warming in forecasts also becomes important. The S2S and S2D communities share common scientific and technical challenges. These include forecast initialization and ensemble generation; initialization shock and drift; understanding the onset of model systematic errors; bias correct, calibration and forecast quality assessment; model resolution; atmosphere-ocean coupling; sources and expectations for predictability; and linking research, operational forecasting, and end user needs. In September 2018 a coordinated pair of international conferences, framed by the above challenges, was organized jointly by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the World Weather Research Prograame (WWRP). These conferences surveyed the state of S2S and S2D prediction, ongoing research, and future needs, providing an ideal basis for synthesizing current and emerging developments in these areas that promise to enhance future operational services. This article provides such a synthesis

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (EM 120 echosounder entire dataset) of RV Maria S. Merian during cruise MSM19/3

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were recorded on RV Maria S. Merian during MSM19/3 using a Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.12.2011 – 22.12.2011 (Cape Town – Cape Town, South Africa) in the Southern Atlantic. Data were recorded throughout the whole time spend outside EEZs with an approximate average depth of around 4000m. There is no information about sound velocity corrections made. There are no extra SVP files provided in this publication. Data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors can be expected due to the lack of proper SVP. During cruise MSM19/3 comprehensive bathymetric mapping and hard rock sampling has been carried out at the Agulhas Ridge, adjacent basement highs, and the Discovery Rise. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Data publication is accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time (https://www.iatlantic.eu/)

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M68/2

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were recorded on RV Meteor during M68/2 using a Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 6.6.2006 – 9.7.2006 (Recife (Brazil) – Mindelo (Cape Verde)) in the Tropical Atlantic. Data were recorded within the Cape Verde EEZ with an approximate average depth of around 900m. There is no information about sound velocity correction made. There are no extra SVP files provided in this publication. Data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors can be expected due to the lack of proper SVP. During M68/2 an intensive mooring program was carried out to investigate circulation and variability in the Tropical Atlantic. This program particularly consisted of the recovery of two equatorial current meter moorings at 35°W and 23°W. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Data publication is accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time (https://www.iatlantic.eu/)