Master track of Eugen Seibold cruise ES24C18, Panama City - Puerto Ayora, 2024-12-10 - 2024-12-18

This dataset contains the validated master track of the S/Y Eugen Seibold during expedition ES24C18, with a time resolution of about 10 seconds. This master track can be used as reference for further expedition data. For creating the master track, the 1-second resolution raw data acquired by the GPS position sensor on board S/Y Eugen Seibold were processed, averaging latitude and longitude within equidistant 10-second intervals. Quality control was performed visually and by checking the maximum speed calculated between neighbouring positions. In case of unrealistically high speeds, data points have been removed

Z-scores stacks of Pinus edulis pollen from seven sites in the Rocky Mountains

These are P. edulis pollen data from sedimentary records from seven sites located in alpine lakes from the Southern Rockies of North America. The records cover the last 11,000 cal yr BP and seem to show vegetation changes afecting P. edulis related with climate (ENSO) variability

A new helium isotope recored of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum from ODP Site 198-1209 (S6)

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; around 56 Ma ago) is arguably the most intensively studied event of rapid greenhouse warming of the geological past. The duration and age of the PETM, however, remains vividly debated, limiting our understanding of the response of the Earth System dynamics to rapid warming. Here we present new extraterrestrial helium 3 (3HeET) data across the PETM at ODP Site 198-1209 (N Pacific) that document a drop in 3HeET fluxes from 0.56 ± 0.02 pcm³/cm²/ka ~1 Ma prior to the PETM to values of 0.37 ± 0.02 pcm³/cm²/ka before and after the PETM. Our 3HeET-based chronology, optimized through spectral analysis and orbital tuning, indicates a duration of 160±10 ka for the PETM body/core, consistent with previous 3HeET estimates from ODP Site 208-1266 (Walvis Ridge). The PETM started at the onset of a 100 ka eccentricity maxima at 56080 ka BP and ended abruptly during a marked decline in eccentricity at 55883 ka, providing strong support for an orbital trigger of both its onset and termination. The reevaluation of the 3HeET age models of the high paleo-latitude ODP Site 113-690 shows that the prominent sedimentary and carbon isotope steps at this site were controlled by obliquity instead of precession. Our revised chronology suggests that obliquity was also the dominant driver of the repeated drops to lower δ13C values during the PETM in otherwise precession-dominated low latitude sites, possibly reflecting the repeated destabilization of methane hydrate or permafrost carbon stocks at high latitudes. This dataset contains the grayscale reflectance logs obtained on core photographs for ODP Site 198-1209A, B and C, new records of helium isotope and non-carbonate fraction data for ODP Site 198-1209 and the reconstructed apparent 3HeET fluxes (FET), instantaneous sedimentation rates (ISR) and ages. We also report new bulk carbonate carbon and oxygen stable isotope data for ODP Site 198-1209 that are included in a compilation of published bulk carbonate data from the same site along with their corresponding 3HeET ages. We include a compilation of published benthic foraminifera carbon and oxygen stable isotope data for ODP Site 198-1209 with their corresponding 3HeET ages. We also report a compilation of Fe and Ca concentrations, stable isotope data measured on bulk sediment, planktonic and benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 113-690 that are reported against a revised 3HeET-based age model we developed for this site using published 3HeET data and a revised 3HeET flux of 0.42 ± 0.02 pcm³/cm²/ka and an age of 55916 ka BP for point F (169.05 mbsf)

Oxygen isotope ratios of planktonic and benthic foraminifera collected from marine sediment core KR05-15_PC01 and KR05-15_PL01

A precise age model of marine sediment core is crucial for environmental studies of the past such as paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, and paleo-hazard studies. Here we report a dataset of oxygen isotope ratios of foraminifera collected from marine sediment cores recovered from the West Caroline Basin in the western equatorial pacific using a piston coring system of R/V Kairei in 2005 (KR05-15 PC01/PL01, 0.10°S 139.58°E, 3,226 m below sea level). The core depth 4.91–6.25 meters of 12.46-meter-long piston core (PC01), which corresponds to termination 2 (ca. 140–120 kyr ago), and a whole 0.53-m-long pilot core (PL01) were used for the measurement of oxygen isotopes of both planktonic (Globigerinoides ruber, Trilobus sacculifer) and benthic (Uvigerina spp.) foraminifera shells. The already published other datasets of oxygen isotopes of both planktonic and benthic foraminifera shells that were collected from the same sediment core (KR05-15 PC01) are also compiled

Clastic rock / claystone / mudrock simulation at the microscale: different modeled forms of geological detritus for weathering simulation

An actual problem of the natural weathering modeling is separation of chemical weathering and physical erosion in the framework of complex dynamics of the atmosphere and the Earth surface, despite the fact of a close coupling between the chemical weathering and physical erosion in natural landscapes. It's intuitively obvious that the multifactor nature of the weathering pattern generation is the cause of the impossibility of experimental reproduction of the complexity of the global weathering using singular factor experiments. Different factors (cryo-, glacio-, hydro-, photo-, chemo-, etc.) can be simulated using specified weatherometers, but the large size of the samples and the long timescale of their weathering usually provide very poor reproducibility of the natural weathering patterns in such experiments. Thus, it is necessary to provide the lowest spatial level of the model (using similarity criteria and dimensional analysis) and the lowest timescale of the full erosion and weathering process of the samples. We propose the integration of ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscopy) and CLEM (correlated light and electron microscopy) with the high power light sources for synchronous observation and weathering-like processing of the model geological or synthetic weatherable and erodible materials. Also we propose the cryogenic (and thermo-cryo cycled) electron microscopy variations for modeling of glatiological phenomena of weathering and erosion – for example, for modeling of periglacial weathering and headwall erosion in glaciers and modeling of selective or combined glacial erosion and weathering in the coastal mountains. The effect of hydrochemical factors can be modeled using CLESEM with stopped-flow and continuous flow subchambers, including our mesofluidic modifications of such instruments

Towards the lava flow physical modelling using Olson's dynamical analogies, similarity criteria and dimensional analysis implemented for the melting polymers in SEM or ESEM sub-chambers

The "lava flow modeling" is known to be a very extensible term covering different processes from the analog experiments of the lava flow emplacement and direct digital simulations (such as 3D modeling of lava flows using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and FEM-based modeling including finite-difference numerical approximations) to SCIARA- and MAGFLOW-based cellular automata lava flow modeling and its applications for hazard predictions. Despite this fact the physical basis of all the above models includes the rheology of the underlying substance. Consequently, it is possible to simulate the effects/phenomena of lava distribution, including bifurcation-determined ones, using the unified principles, explicated from the physical chemistry and rheology of viscous polymers, including reaction-diffusion mechanisms and nonlinear wave's physics. Our study was focused on reconsideration of the analog modeling based on physical similarity conditions and criteria, which made it possible to simulate such phenomena using uniform or similar equations, which can be explicated not only for linear scales, but also for nonlinear systems and non-stationary boundary conditions. The aim of our work is physical modeling of the lava flow based on chemically different media using hydrodynamical and hydraulical similarity criteria and principles of the unified interpretation of the wave phenomena in the framework of nonlinear physics. Also we apply the scaling principles for microscopic simulation of the effects, observed on either mesoscopic or macroscopic levels, for direct observation of them at the microscopic level using complex electron microscopy instrumentation

Sea Ice Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes Involved in the Genesis of Three Sea Ice Minima As Revealed by A 10-year Arctic Ocean-Sea Ice Synthesis

Contributions of sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the late-summer sea ice volume (SIV) changes in 2007, 2012, and 2016 are investigated using a new dynamically-consistent ocean-sea ice synthesis product. The synthesis and satellite observations indicate that summer sea ice in the Pacific sector is sensitive to atmospheric and oceanic forcing and is reducing significantly since 2007. For 2012, reduced ice thickness in April preconditions the late-summer ice loss. Ice-ocean heat exchange and ice advection support further ice loss, resulting in unprecedented ice loss. Sea ice advected to the Eurasian Basin and the central Arctic survives until late summer in 2007 and 2016, increasing local SIV. Enhanced basal melting is visible in regions with strong contributions from dynamic processes