Complete Break Up of Ortho Positronium (Ps)- Hydrogenic ion System

The dynamics of the complete breakup process in an Ortho Ps - He+ system including electron loss to the continuum (ELC) is studied where both the projectile and the target get ionized. The process is essentially a four body problem and the present model takes account of the two centre effect on the electron ejected from the Ps atom which is crucial for a proper description of the ELC phenomena. The calculations are performed in the framework of Coulomb Distorted Eikonal Approximation. The exchange effect between the target and the projectile electron is taken into account in a consistent manner. The proper asymptotic 3-body boundary condition for this ionization process is also satisfied in the present model. A distinct broad ELC peak is noted in the fully differential cross sections (5DCS) for the Ps electron corroborating qualitatively the experiment for the Ps - He system. Both the dynamics of the ELC from the Ps and the ejected electron from the target He+ in the FDCS are studied using coplanar geometry. Interesting features are noted in the FDCS for both the electrons belonging to the target and the projectile.Comment: 14 pages,7 figure

Mechanisms Involved in Childhood Obesity-Related Bone Fragility

Childhood obesity is one of the major health problems in western countries. The excessive accumulation of adipose tissue causes inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, obesity leads to the development of severe co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases which can develop early in life. Furthermore, obese children have low bone mineral density and a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The knowledge about the interplay bone tissue and between adipose is still growing, although recent findings suggest that adipose tissue activity on bone can be fat-depot specific. Obesity is associated to a low-grade inflammation that alters the expression of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1), TRAIL, LIGHT/TNFSF14, OPG, and TNFα. These molecules can affect bone metabolism, thus resulting in osteoporosis. The purpose of this review was to deepen the cellular mechanisms by which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis and bone fractures

Automatic classification of textile visual pollutants using deep learning networks

Urban pollution is a massive global problem, especially in industrialized and developing nations. Visual pollution is an issue concerned with the external noticeable appearance of the modern urban areas causing human health disorders, emotional distress, driving distraction, environmental hazards, etc. Amidst the plethora of different forms of environmental pollution, visual pollution deteriorates the aesthetics of an urban environment, endorsing the importance of research and assessing it from different dimensions. The main objective of this study is to initialize a new concept of automatic identification and classification of visible contaminants related to textile industries using computer vision techniques. In this work, deep learning techniques have been applied for the automatic detection and classification of three categories of textile-based visual pollutants, i.e., cloth garbage, advertising billboards and signages, and textile dyeing waste materials. Initially, 1,709 visual pollutants images were obtained through web crawling of search engines. Additionally, 954 images were collected from two local garments factories, roadside vendors and shopping malls of Bangladesh. Next, the dataset was manually annotated by an open-source labeling tool. Finally, various deep learning techniques, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, and EfficientDet, have been used to classify the obtained dataset automatically. The EfficientDet framework achieved the best performance with 97% and 93% training and test accuracies, respectively. The YOLOv5 approach exhibits acceptable precision with a considerably lower number of epochs. The proposed automated classification system is expected to create future visual pollution ratings for the textile industries. Consequently, the corresponding stakeholders (industry owners, government authorities, factory workers, etc.) can introduce regulatory frameworks and control the proliferation of visual pollution. The open-source images obtained by web crawling, locally collected visual pollutants dataset and implementation code of this work are available at: https://github.com/SadiaAfrin163/Textile-Visual-Pollutants-Dataset

Assessment of Reproductive Health Status and Quality of Life of Female Adolescents Living in the Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh During COVID-19 Pandemic Situation: A Mixed-Method Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges of vulnerable adolescents who had reproductive health problems even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We investigated this vulnerability through cross-sectional studies with a mixed-method approach. on female adolescents aged 15-19 years, residing in the Bauniabadh and the Ta block Jhil Par slums together with service providers. The quantitative method included a household survey of adolescents (n=144) through a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The qualitative method included interviews with service providers (n=10) and with adolescents (n=9). Result: The study revealed changes in length, duration and flow of menstruation, substandard menstrual hygiene practices and impediments to the uptake of reproductive health (RH) information by adolescents during the pandemic. Married pregnant adolescents are inclined in taking their antenatal checkups (ANC) only during the last trimester and preferred delivery at home during the pandemic. There was also an increase in marriage among these adolescents and service providers had difficulty providing door-to-door RH services. Most of our female adolescents were married off during the pandemic, they lost connection with their friends and this made them feel lonely and secluded. They did not receive the support of their friends as before the pandemic. Conclusion: The study will enable the adolescent health expert to focus on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of vulnerable adolescents living in impoverished conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic