78 research outputs found

    Partes interessadas internas e desempenho em contrataçÔes pĂșblicas na perspectiva das teorias dos stakeholders e dos custos de transação

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    Este artigo analisou o desempenho dos contratos administrativos de prestação de serviços Ă  luz das teorias dos stakeholders e dos custos de transação. Para tanto, a pesquisa identificou a percepção dos stakeholders internos acerca dos mĂșltiplos objetivos presentes nas contrataçÔes pĂșblicas e a forma como essas partes interessadas percebem a influĂȘncia da racionalidade limitada, oportunismo, incerteza e frequĂȘncia das transaçÔes no desempenho dos contratos de serviços terceirizados por uma organização da administração pĂșblica federal. A aplicação das proposiçÔes das teorias dos stakeholders demonstrou que, alĂ©m do jĂĄ reconhecido oportunismo contratante × contratado, existem potenciais conflitos de interesse no prĂłprio ĂłrgĂŁo contratante, com base na priorização de diferentes dimensĂ”es de desempenho. Como contribuição principal, percebe-se que a integração entre teorias dos stakeholders e teoria dos custos de transação pode colaborar para melhor compreensĂŁo da dinĂąmica e dos resultados observados nas contrataçÔes pĂșblicas, especialmente em dimensĂ”es que estejam alĂ©m da redução dos preços contratados

    POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS VOLTADAS À HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL: PERSPECTIVAS ALÉM DA CASA EM PORTO ALEGRE (RS)

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    Este artigo aborda a temĂĄtica das polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas voltadas Ă  Habitação de Interesse Social, pautada pelo seguinte questionamento: Como sĂŁo planejadas, realizadas, construĂ­das e exploradas as estratĂ©gias para provisĂŁo de moradia, numa perspectiva alĂ©m da unidade habitacional? Com o objetivo de apresentar e refletir sobre os instrumentos legais e espaços que garantem o acesso Ă  moradia e possibilitam ultrapassar a noção da habitação enquanto bem material, Ă© realizada uma anĂĄlise documental e bibliogrĂĄfica, de modo articulado entre a legislação brasileira e as noçÔes de “moradia digna”, “territĂłrio usado” e “apropriação ou urbano experiĂȘncia”. Como resultados, discute-se sobre o papel da Regularização FundiĂĄria, a alternativa da AssistĂȘncia TĂ©cnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS) e a experiĂȘncia do Orçamento Participativo, com ĂȘnfase no contexto de Porto Alegre/RS. Em sĂ­ntese, as contribuiçÔes deste estudo apontam que a apreensĂŁo da habitação emerge da abrangĂȘncia das relaçÔes socioespaciais que constituem o territĂłrio. Palavras-chave: Habitação social; PolĂ­ticas PĂșblicas; Regularização FundiĂĄria; AssistĂȘncia TĂ©cnica; Orçamento Participativ

    CHÁ VERDE (Camellia sinensis): TRATAMENTO ALTERNATIVO DA OBESIDADE

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    A obesidade Ă© considerada como um importante problema de saĂșde pĂșblica no mundo, sendo responsĂĄvel por diversas patologias. A Organização Mundial de SaĂșde, tem a estimativa que no ano de 2025, cerca de 2,3 bilhĂ”es de adultos estejam com sobrepeso e mais de 700 milhĂ”es, obesos. O chĂĄ-verde originĂĄrio da planta Camellia sinensis L. Ă© bastante eficiente na perda de peso. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revisar na literatura cientĂ­fica a ação do chĂĄ verde (Camellia sinensis L.) no tratamento da obesidade. Realizou-se um estudo bibliogrĂĄfico do tipo exploratĂłrio-descritivo, utilizando-se os bancos de dados SCIELO, Google acadĂȘmico, Science direct, com as palavras-chave mediante consulta aos Descritores em CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde (DeCS) da Bireme: ChĂĄ verde, Camellia sinensis, ação terapĂȘutica, obesidade.  Os mecanismos fisiolĂłgicos de atuação da suplementação de chĂĄ verde incluem a ativação do sistema nervoso central, inibição de enzimas reguladoras do metabolismo lipĂ­dico e o aumento da expressĂŁo de genes ativadores da oxidação de gordura. Verifica-se um nĂșmero reduzido de pesquisas referente ao potencial emagrecedor do chĂĄ verde. Assim Ă© relevante o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas que abordem melhor as propriedades, interaçÔes, toxicidades e mecanismos de ação, uma vez se torna difĂ­cil avaliar resultados em seres humanos, pois hĂĄbitos de vida e metabolismo dificultam a padronização de seus efeitos

    INTERFACE, CONTRIBUIÇÕES E REPERCUSSÕES DAS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS PARA O PROCESSO SAÚDE-DOENÇA ONCOLÓGICO

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    Introduction: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and cancer are public health problems with an increasing incidence worldwide. Although they are distinct entities, there are several interfaces between NCDs and cancer, especially when it comes to modifiable and non-modifiable factors that contribute to the development of these diseases. In this scientific article, we explore the relationship between NCDs and cancer from an oncology perspective, analyzing the risk factors and underlying mechanisms that connect these conditions. In addition, we highlight the importance of early identification and intervention of these factors for the prevention and effective management of these diseases. Methodology: This is a descriptive bibliographical review with a qualitative approach, with analysis of scientific literature that refer us to the research object. Research is a systematic, controlled and critical reflective procedure that allows discovering new facts or data, relationships or laws, in any field of knowledge. Analysis and discussion of results: The purpose of this discussion is to analyze modifiable and non-modifiable factors from the perspective of oncology, specifically in the context of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Understanding these factors is essential for developing effective cancer prevention, early detection, and management strategies. Conclusion: the interface of NCDs and modifiable and non-modifiable factors from the perspective of oncology are extremely important in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Continued advances in research, education, and health policy are needed to address this global challenge and improve outcomes for patients with cancer and NCDs.Introdução: As doenças crĂŽnicas nĂŁo transmissĂ­veis (DCNTs) e o cĂąncer sĂŁo problemas de saĂșde pĂșblica com uma crescente incidĂȘncia em todo o mundo. Embora sejam entidades distintas, existem diversas interfaces entre as DCNTs e o cĂąncer, principalmente quando se trata dos fatores modificĂĄveis e nĂŁo modificĂĄveis que contribuem para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Neste artigo cientĂ­fico, exploramos a relação entre as DCNTs e o cĂąncer na perspectiva da oncologia, analisando os fatores de risco e os mecanismos subjacentes que conectam essas condiçÔes. AlĂ©m disso, destacamos a importĂąncia da identificação e intervenção precoce desses fatores para a prevenção e o manejo eficaz dessas doenças. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo bibliogrĂĄfica de carĂĄter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com anĂĄlise de literaturas cientĂ­ficas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. A pesquisa Ă© um procedimento reflexivo sistemĂĄtico, controlado e crĂ­tico, que permite descobrir novos fatos ou dados, relaçÔes ou leis, em qualquer campo do conhecimento. Analise e discussĂŁo dos resultados: O objetivo desta discussĂŁo Ă© analisar os fatores modificĂĄveis e nĂŁo modificĂĄveis na perspectiva da oncologia, especificamente no contexto das doenças crĂŽnicas nĂŁo transmissĂ­veis (DCNTs). Compreender esses fatores Ă© essencial para desenvolver estratĂ©gias efetivas de prevenção, detecção precoce e manejo do cĂąncer. ConclusĂŁo: a interface das DCNTs e os fatores modificĂĄveis e nĂŁo modificĂĄveis na perspectiva da oncologia sĂŁo de extrema importĂąncia na prevenção, diagnĂłstico e tratamento do cĂąncer. Avanços contĂ­nuos na pesquisa, educação e polĂ­ticas de saĂșde sĂŁo necessĂĄrios para enfrentar esse desafio global e melhorar os resultados para os pacientes com cĂąncer e DCNTs

    Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air (R) App

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    Background In allergic rhinitis, a relevant outcome providing information on the effectiveness of interventions is needed. In MASK-air (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for work is used as a relevant outcome. This study aimed to assess the performance of the work VAS work by comparing VAS work with other VAS measurements and symptom-medication scores obtained concurrently. Methods All consecutive MASK-air users in 23 countries from 1 June 2016 to 31 October 2018 were included (14 189 users; 205 904 days). Geolocalized users self-assessed daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on VAS scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for overall symptoms (global), nose, eyes, asthma and work. Two symptom-medication scores were used: the modified EAACI CSMS score and the MASK control score for rhinitis. To assess data quality, the intra-individual response variability (IRV) index was calculated. Results A strong correlation was observed between VAS work and other VAS. The highest levels for correlation with VAS work and variance explained in VAS work were found with VAS global, followed by VAS nose, eye and asthma. In comparison with VAS global, the mCSMS and MASK control score showed a lower correlation with VAS work. Results are unlikely to be explained by a low quality of data arising from repeated VAS measures. Conclusions VAS work correlates with other outcomes (VAS global, nose, eye and asthma) but less well with a symptom-medication score. VAS work should be considered as a potentially useful AR outcome in intervention studies.Peer reviewe

    Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study

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    Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.Peer reviewe

    Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018) : Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

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    Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.Peer reviewe

    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

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    Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives
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