Influence of Phragmites australis on the seasonal evolution of biogeochemical conditions (pH/Eh) and N cycling in eutrophic wetlands

[SPA] El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar en qué medida humedales eutrofizados, en presencia y ausencia de Phragmites australis, actúan como depuradores de NO3- y productores de N2O (gas de efecto invernadero). Para ello se realizó un experimento en mesocosmos con suelo y plantas de Phragmites, que se sometieron a seis períodos de inundación-desecación durante doce meses con aguas de distinta composición: alta carga (200 mg·L-1 NO3-) y baja carga (20 mg·L-1 NO3-) de nutrientes. Los tratamientos ensayados fueron: sin planta+baja carga; sin planta+alta carga; con planta+baja carga; con planta+alta carga. Se monitorizó Eh y pH, y se analizó la concentración de NO3- y NH4+ en la solución edáfica así como el N2O desprendido a la atmósfera. Todos los tratamientos fueron efectivos en la retirada de NO3- del agua (>70%) lo que acarreó la emisión de elevadas cantidades de N2O a la atmósfera. Phragmites contribuyó a reducir las emisiones de N2O durante las fases de secado al favorecer la retirada de NO3- del agua y disminuir su disponibilidad para ser transformado en gas vía desnitrificación. Por tanto, la presencia de planta en los suelos de los humedales puede contribuir a que se reduzca la emisión de N2O a la atmósfera. [ENG] The aim of the study was to assess to what extend eutrophic wetlands, with and without Phragmites australis, act as sinks of NO3- and as sources of N2O (greenhouse gas). A one-year mesocosms experiment, with alternating flooding-drying conditions, was performed with soil and plants of Phragmites. Two types of water were used: one with high nutrient load (200 mg·L-1 NO3-) and another one with low nutrient load (20 mg·L-1 NO3-). The treatments assayed were: no plant+low nutrient content; no plant+high nutrient content; plant+low nutrient content; plant+high nutrient content. The Eh and pH were monitored, and the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in the soil solution and of evolved N2O were analyzed. All the treatments were effective in the removal of NO3- from water (>70%), leading to the emission of high amounts of N2O into the atmosphere. The presence of Phragmites favored lower N2O emissions mainly during drying phases due to a higher reduction of NO3- concentrations in water, decreasing its availability to be transformed into gas via denitrification. Therefore, the presence of plant in wetland soils may contribute to reduce the emission of N2O into the atmosphere.Proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Referencia CGL2010-20214)

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Many inland waters exhibit complete or partial desiccation, or have vanished due to global change, exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Yet, data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from these sediments are too scarce to upscale emissions for global estimates or to understand their fundamental drivers. Here, we present the results of a global survey covering 196 dry inland waters across diverse ecosystem types and climate zones. We show that their CO2 emissions share fundamental drivers and constitute a substantial fraction of the carbon cycled by inland waters. CO2 emissions were consistent across ecosystem types and climate zones, with local characteristics explaining much of the variability. Accounting for such emissions increases global estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters by 6% (~0.12 Pg C y−1). Our results indicate that emissions from dry inland waters represent a significant and likely increasing component of the inland waters carbon cycle

Deterioro y Conservación de Materiales Geológicos del Patrimonio

La actividad investigadora desarrollada por el Instituto de Geociencias en el campo del deterioro y conservación de materiales geológicos parten siempre de la caracterización petrológica y mineralógica de los materiales utilizados en el patrimonio. Se utilizan técnicas petrográficas, geoquímicas y petrofísicas, con apoyo de técnicas mineralógicas y cristalográficas para establecer su estado de conservación y definir las causas de alteración. Los avances del conocimiento se dirigen a establecer la interrelación entre las propiedades de los materiales pétreos, tanto de superficie como internas, con el medio ambiente. Desde la petrología y la mineralogía experimental se abordan problemas referentes a la mejora de productos de conservación, en base a sus características petrofísicas y a su comportamiento en ambientes agresivos. Con estas investigaciones se pueden determinar las técnicas de conservación más eficaces e idóneas para cada tipo de material y ambientes a los que se encuentran sometidos los materiales. Por lo tanto, la investigación se inicia con la caracterización, continúa estableciendo las causas de deterioro y, por último, ofrece soluciones para mejorar la calidad de los materiales e incrementar su durabilidad, desarrollando técnicas de conservación que han generado patentes

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters