Pediatric emergency medicine point-of-care ultrasound: summary of the evidence.

The utility of point-of-care ultrasound is well supported by the medical literature. Consequently, pediatric emergency medicine providers have embraced this technology in everyday practice. Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement endorsing the use of point-of-care ultrasound by pediatric emergency medicine providers. To date, there is no standard guideline for the practice of point-of-care ultrasound for this specialty. This document serves as an initial step in the detailed how to and description of individual point-of-care ultrasound examinations. Pediatric emergency medicine providers should refer to this paper as reference for published research, objectives for learners, and standardized reporting guidelines

Andes Basin Focal Project

The CPWF Basin Focal Project for the Andes system of basins worked with a range of local stakeholders to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms for improving the productivity of water in the Andes. We considered productivity in broad terms as the productivity of energy (HEP), food and fiber (agriculture) and livelihoods (industry, transport and benefit sharing such as Payments for Environmental Services schemes (PES)). In addition to the compiled data bases and analyses on poverty and institutions, one of the key deliverables of the project was the development and deployment of the AguAAndes policy support system (PSS). This integrates analyses of water availability and productivity within the local environmental and policy context. It is a web-based policy support system combining an extensive spatial database with process-based models for hydrology, crop production and socio-economic processes. It is intended to allow analysts and decision makers to test the potential onsite and offsite impacts of land and water management decisions in terms of their ability to sustain environmental services and human wellbeing. Interventions and recommendations for future actions on water and food in the region are presented

The Three-Point Correlation Function of Luminous Red Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present measurements of the redshift-space three-point correlation function of 50,967 Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from Data Release 3 (DR3) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We have studied the shape dependence of the reduced three-point correlation function (Qz(s,q,theta)) on three different scales, s=4, 7 and 10 h-1 Mpc, and over the range of 1 < q < 3 and 0 < theta < 180. On small scales (s=4 h-1 Mpc), Qz is nearly constant, with little change as a function of q and theta. However, there is evidence for a shallow U-shaped behaviour (with theta) which is expected from theoretical modeling of Qz . On larger scales (s=7 and 10 h-1 Mpc), the U-shaped anisotropy in Qz (with theta) is more clearly detected. We compare this shape-dependence in Qz(s,q,theta) with that seen in mock galaxy catalogues which were generated by populating the dark matter halos in large N-body simulations with mock galaxies using various Halo Occupation Distributions (HOD). We find that the combination of the observed number density of LRGs, the (redshift-space) two-point correlation function and Qz provides a strong constraint on the allowed HOD parameters (M_min, M_1, alpha) and breaks key degeneracies between these parameters. For example, our observed Qz disfavors mock catalogues that overpopulate massive dark matter halos with many LRG satellites. We also estimate the linear bias of LRGs to be b=1.87+/-0.07 in excellent agreement with other measurements.Comment: 14 pages. Accepted for publication to the MNRAS. Data accompanying paper can be found at http://www.dsg.port.ac.uk/~nicholb/3pt/kulkarni

Three-dimensional steep wave impact on a vertical plate with an open rectangular section

The present study treats the three-dimensional hydrodynamic slamming problem on a vertical plate subjected to the impact of a steep wave moving towards the plate with a constant velocity. The problem is complicated significantly by assuming that there is a rectangular opening on the plate which allows a discharge of the liquid. The analysis is conducted analytically assuming linear potential theory. The examined configuration determines two boundary value problems with mixed conditions which fully are taken into account. The mathematical process assimilates the plate with a degenerate elliptical cylinder allowing the employment of elliptical harmonics that ensure the satisfaction of the free-surface boundary condition of the front face of the steep wave, away from the plate. This assumption leads to an additional boundary value problem with mixed conditions in the vertical direction. The associated problem involves triple trigonometrical series and it is solved through a transformation into integral equations. To tackle the boundary value problem in the vertical direction a perturbation technique is employed. Extensive numerical calculations are presented as regards the variation of the velocity potential on the plate at the instant of the impact which reveals the influence of the opening. The theory is extended to the computation of the total impulse exerted on the plate using pressure-impulse theory

World squid fisheries

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Connectomics Analysis Reveals First-, Second-, and Third-Order Thermosensory and Hygrosensory Neurons in the Adult Drosophila Brain.

Animals exhibit innate and learned preferences for temperature and humidity-conditions critical for their survival and reproduction. Leveraging a whole-brain electron microscopy volume, we studied the adult Drosophila melanogaster circuitry associated with antennal thermo- and hygrosensory neurons. We have identified two new target glomeruli in the antennal lobe, in addition to the five known ones, and the ventroposterior projection neurons (VP PNs) that relay thermo- and hygrosensory information to higher brain centers, including the mushroom body and lateral horn, seats of learned and innate behavior. We present the first connectome of a thermo- and hygrosensory neuropil, the lateral accessory calyx (lACA), by reconstructing neurons downstream of heating- and cooling-responsive VP PNs. A few mushroom body-intrinsic neurons solely receive thermosensory input from the lACA, while most receive additional olfactory and thermo- and/or hygrosensory PN inputs. Furthermore, several classes of lACA-associated neurons form a local network with outputs to other brain neuropils, suggesting that the lACA serves as a hub for thermo- and hygrosensory circuitry. For example, DN1a neurons link thermosensory PNs in the lACA to the circadian clock via the accessory medulla. Finally, we survey strongly connected downstream partners of VP PNs across the protocerebrum; these include a descending neuron targeted by dry-responsive VP PNs, meaning that just two synapses might separate hygrosensory inputs from motor circuits. These data provide a comprehensive first- and second-order layer analysis of Drosophila thermo- and hygrosensory systems and an initial survey of third-order neurons that could directly modulate behavior.MRC LMB Graduate Studentship to M.W.P. Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds PhD Fellowship and a Herchel Smith Studentship to A.S.B. Cambridge Neuroscience-PSL collaborative grant supported by the Embassy of France in London to G.S.X.E.J

Observation of two new Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the $\Xi_b^0 \pi^-$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content $bds$ are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$ states, denoted $\Xi_b^{\prime -}$ and $\Xi_b^{*-}$. Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be $m(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 3.653 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.006$ MeV$/c^2$, $m(\Xi_b^{*-}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 23.96 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.06$ MeV$/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{*-}) = 1.65 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.10$ MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) < 0.08$ MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Study of Tau-pair Production in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP and Limits on the Anomalous Electromagnetic Moments of the Tau Lepton

Tau-pair production in the process e+e- -> e+e-tau+tau- was studied using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 during the years 1997 - 2000. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 650 pb^{-1}. The values of the cross-section obtained are found to be in agreement with QED predictions. Limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton are deduced.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011