Jeunesse et plage : approche sociolinguistique des publicités contemporaines

[EN] This research paper aims to reveal the way in which the advertisers use allegories related to water in order to convince future customers to buy the advertised product. We will focus our research on a campaign which takes place in a seaside zone and stages two young people who represent an-other evident myth of our Western societies. We will report on the semiotics of contemporary propaganda in agreement with linguistic aspects embedded in the teenage world. As such, we will highlight the fact that advertisers have teenage sociolinguistics realities at their disposal and stage a selection of their concerns in an idyllic universe. Finally, we will demonstrate that the combination of the element, water, and the factor of youth prove to be successful in modern campaigns[ES] En el presente estudio nuestro objetivo será revelar de qué manera los profesionales de la publicidad emplean alegorías haciendo referencia al agua del mar con el fin de convencer a sus futuros clientes de consumir el producto anunciado. Centraremos nuestra investigación en una campaña situada en una zona costera que pone en escena dos adolescentes, población que representa otro mito evidente de nuestras sociedades occidentales. Daremos cuenta de la semiótica de las propagandas contemporáneas acorde con los aspectos lingüísticos anclados en el mundo de los jóvenes. De esta manera pondremos en evidencia que los profesionales de la publicidad disponen de las realidades sociolingüísticas adolescentes y que ponen en escena una selección de sus preocupaciones en un universo idílico. En definitiva, demostraremos que la combinación del elemento agua y del factor juventud resulta ser óptimo para las campañas publicitarias modernas.[FR] Lors de la présente étude, notre objectif sera de révéler de quelle manière les professionnels de la publicité emploient les allégories se référant à l’eau de mer afin de convaincre leurs futurs clients de consommer le produit objet de la publicité. Nous centrerons nos recherches sur une campagne située en zone balnéaire mettant en scène deux jeunes d’aujourd’hui, population représentant un autre mythe manifeste de nos sociétés occidentales. Nous rendrons compte de la sémiotique des propagandes contemporaines en accord avec des aspects linguistiques ancrés dans le monde des jeunes. Nous mettrons ainsi en évidence le fait que les professionnels de la publicité disposent des réalités sociolinguistiques adolescentes et qu’ils mettent en scène une sélection de leurs préoccupations environnantes dans un univers idyllique. En définitive, nous démontrerons que la combinaison de l’élément eau et du facteur jeune s’avère être judicieux dans les campagnes publicitaires modernesAbraham, M. (2017). Jeunesse et plage : approche sociolinguistique des publicités contemporaines. En Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Les mots et les imaginaires de léau. XXV coloquio AFUE. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 197-204. https://doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.3171OCS19720

L'argot en FLE : vers un enseignement pluriculturel

Registre de langue particulier de par ses caractéristiques syntaxiques et lexicales, mais surtout socioculturelles, l'argot français fait désormais partie intégrante de la langue française. L'évolution perpétuelle de ce registre de langue, qui rend son enseignement et apprentissage en Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) plus complexes que l'étude d'une langue lambda, nous fait nous interroger sur les moyens didactiques mis à la disposition des professeurs de FLE pour faciliter et enrichir leur fonction de formateurs linguistiques

Les néologismes par imitation et déformation ou comment transcrire une idée complexe à partir d’un terme bref

In the present study, we will continue our analysis of French neologisms according to the classification of Sablayrolles (2019). In our previous works, Abraham and Gil (2021) and Gil and Abraham (in press), we have already observed how external matrices or loanwords and internal matrices or neologisms formed by construction or composition of affixes, using, among others, the Neoveille extraction platform for new lexies (Cartier et al., 2015). It is now time to analyse the new lexies created by imitation or deformation, internal matrices that respond to a modification of the morphological rules of French and, therefore, they do not make the neologisms that are created predictable. We will also look for their definitions, examples in context and equivalents in Spanish in order to continue shaping the Dictionnaire français-espagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Finally, we will focus on a specific case of a new lexis created as an onomatopoeia, bling-bling, which, due to its wide use and polysemic variety, requires a complete analysis.En el presente estudio, continuaremos con nuestro análisis sobre los neologismos franceses y según la clasificación de Sablayrolles (2019). En nuestros trabajos anteriores, Abraham y Gil (2021) y Gil y Abraham (en prensa), ya hemos observado cómo funcionan las matrices externas o préstamos y las matrices internas o neologismos formados por construcción o composición de afijos, utilizando, entre otras, la plataforma de extracción de nuevas lexías Neoveille (Cartier et al., 2015). Es el momento de analizar las nuevas lexías creadas por imitación o deformación, matrices internas que no responden a una modificación en las reglas morfológicas del francés y, por lo tanto, no hacen predecibles los neologismos que se crean. Además, buscaremos sus definiciones, ejemplos en contexto y equivalentes en español con el fin de seguir dando forma al Dictionnaire français-espagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Y, por último, nos centraremos en un caso concreto de nueva lexía creada como onomatopeya, bling-bling, que, por su amplio empleo y variedad polisémica, requiere de un análisis íntegro

Emprunt lexical et approches néologiques

Nota de lectur

Neologisms by imitation and deformation or how to transcribe a complex idea from a short term.

En el presente estudio, continuaremos con nuestro análisis sobre los neologismos franceses y según la clasificación de Sablayrolles (2019). En nuestros trabajos anteriores, Abraham y Gil Casadomet (2021) y Gil Casadomet y Abraham (en prensa), ya hemos observado cómo funcionan las matrices externas o préstamos y las matrices internas o neologismos formados por construcción o composición de afijos, utilizando, entre otras, la plataforma de extracción de nuevas lexías Neoveille (Cartier et al., 2015). Es el momento de analizar las nuevas lexías creadas por imitación o deformación, matrices internas que no responden a una modificación en las reglas morfológicas del francés y, por lo tanto, no hacen predecibles los neologismos que se crean. Además, buscaremos sus definiciones, ejemplos en contexto y equivalentes en español con el fin de seguir dando forma al Dictionnaire françaisespagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Y, por último, nos centraremos en un caso concreto de nueva lexía creada como onomatopeya, bling-bling, que, por su amplio empleo y variedad polisémica, requiere de un análisis íntegro.In the present study, we will continue our analysis of French neologisms according to the classification of Sablayrolles (2019). In our previous works, Abraham and Gil Casadomet (2021) and Gil Casadomet and Abraham (in press), we have already observed how external matrices or loanwords and internal matrices or neologisms formed by construction or composition of affixes, using, among others, the Neoveille extraction platform for new lexies (Cartier et al., 2015). It is now time to analyse the new lexies created by imitation or deformation, internal matrices that respond to a modification of the morphological rules of French and, therefore, they do not make the neologisms that are created predictable. We will also look for their definitions, examples in context and equivalents in Spanish in order to continue shaping the Dictionnaire français-espagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Finally, we will focus on a specific case of a new lexis created as an onomatopoeia, bling-bling, which, due to its wide use and polysemic variety, requires a complete analysis

À la rencontre de la néologie

Nota de lectur

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected Gambians

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of HIV/hepatitis co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa is not well documented, while both HIV and HBV are endemic in this area. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV virus in HIV-infected subjects in the Gambia. METHODS: Plasma samples from HIV infected patients (190 individuals with clinically defined AIDS and 382 individuals without AIDS) were tested retrospectively for the presence of HBV sero-markers and for serum HBV DNA, screened for HCV infection by testing for anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA. RESULTS: HBsAg prevalence in HIV-positive individuals is 12.2%. HIV/HBV co-infected individuals with CD4 count of <200 cells µL⁻¹ have a higher HBV DNA viral load than patients with higher CD4 count (log 4.0 vs. log 2.0 DNA copies/ml, p < 0.05). Males (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.2) were more likely to be HBsAg positive than female. HCV seroprevalence was 0.9% in HIV-positive individuals. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HBsAg carriage in HIV- infected Gambians is similar to that obtained in the general population. However co-infected individuals with reduced CD4 levels, indicative of AIDS had higher prevalence of HBeAg retention and elevated HBV DNA levels compared to non-AIDS patients with higher CD4 count

Deriving Global OH Abundance and Atmospheric Lifetimes for Long-Lived Gases: A Search for CH 3 CCl 3 Alternatives

An accurate estimate of global hydroxyl radical (OH) abundance is important for projections of air quality, climate, and stratospheric ozone recovery. As the atmospheric mixing ratios of methyl chloroform (CH₃CCl₃) (MCF), the commonly used OH reference gas, approaches zero, it is important to find alternative approaches to infer atmospheric OH abundance and variability. The lack of global bottom‐up emission inventories is the primary obstacle in choosing a MCF alternative. We illustrate that global emissions of long‐lived trace gases can be inferred from their observed mixing ratio differences between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), given realistic estimates of their NH‐SH exchange time, the emission partitioning between the two hemispheres, and the NH versus SH OH abundance ratio. Using the observed long‐term trend and emissions derived from the measured hemispheric gradient, the combination of HFC‐32 (CH₂F₂), HFC‐134a (CH₂FCF₃, HFC‐152a (CH₃CHF₂), and HCFC‐22 (CHClF₂), instead of a single gas, will be useful as a MCF alternative to infer global and hemispheric OH abundance and trace gas lifetimes. The primary assumption on which this multispecies approach relies is that the OH lifetimes can be estimated by scaling the thermal reaction rates of a reference gas at 272 K on global and hemispheric scales. Thus, the derived hemispheric and global OH estimates are forced to reconcile the observed trends and gradient for all four compounds simultaneously. However, currently, observations of these gases from the surface networks do not provide more accurate OH abundance estimate than that from MCF

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data