Azucares reductores y azucares totales en 10 genotipos de nopales productores de Xoconostle (Opuntia spp.)

En este estudio se determinó el contenido de azucares totales y azucares reductores de diferentes genotipos de nopales productores de xoconostle (Opuntia spp.) colectados en localidades de los estados de Hidalgo, Estado de México y Zacatecas, México. La variables evaluadas fueron; Sólidos solubles totales, azúcares reductores y azúcares totales. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (P< 0.05) en el contenido de azúcares totales en el mesocarpio (pulpa) de los frutos de Xoconostle frutos de ‘Manso’, ‘Cuerón’ y ‘Invierno’ con valores de 0.65, 0.61 y 0.60 mg·g-1 y entre los frutos de ‘Virgen’ y ‘’Cuaresmeño Zacatecano’’ con 0.30 y 0.26 mg·g-1. El mayor contenido de azúcares totales se observó en los frutos de Xoconostle ‘Ulapa’ y ‘Cambray’ con valores de 1.3 y 0.91 mg·g-1. En relación al contenido de azúcares reductores en el mesocarpio (pulpa) de xoconostles, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas, con valores que van de 0.13 a 0.18 mg·g-1, excepto en el mesocarpio (pulpa) de frutos de Xoconostle Ulapa (O. Oligacantha C. F. Först) 1.3 mg·g-1. El valor más alto en el contenido de azúcares reductores se observó en el mesocarpio de frutos de Xoconostle ‘Ulapa’ con valor de 0.84 mg·g-1. El mayor contenido de sólidos solubles totales (°Brix) se observó en Xoconostle ‘’Manzano’’, El mayor contenido de azúcares totales y azúcares reductores se observó en los frutos de Xoconostle ‘’Ulapa’’

Simulador de negocios Capstone planeación estratégica de Digby en la industria de los sensores

En el presente documento de obtención de grado se analizan los resultados de la empresa Digby como parte la industria de sensores dentro del simulador de negocios CAPSTONE de CAPSIM, cuyo objetivo es recrear el diseño de una estrategia y la toma de decisiones dentro de una organización. Dentro del primer capítulo se encuentra el marco teórico donde se definen los conceptos necesarios para entender y desarrollar una estrategia dentro de una empresa, además de lo anterior se podrán encontrar una serie de análisis de casos en los que se aplica la teoría revisada previamente. En el segundo apartado se describe la industria de los sensores dentro de CAPSTONE. Además, se detalla la estructura de Digby como organización, su modelo de negocios, así como la planeación estratégica en la que se definen los objetivos de cada una de las áreas, el organigrama de la empresa y responsabilidad del equipo directivo de la misma. Del capítulo número tres al seis se revisan, analizan e interpretan los resultados obtenidos por la empresa Digby durante los ocho periodos de simulación, además se comparan con los que obtuvo la competencia. En el capítulo siete se encuentran las conclusiones a las que llegó el equipo después de la obtención de los resultados finales de la simulación, también se exponen las experiencias y aprendizajes de los distintos miembros del equipo a través de los distintos cursos de la asignatura de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (IDI) y la maestría en el ITESO. Durante la realización del presente trabajo se acrecentó la experiencia en el manejo de una organización por parte de un equipo directivo mediante la práctica en la toma de decisiones de diferentes áreas de una compañía, así como del análisis del entorno económico e industrial.ITESO, A.C

DETECCIÓN DE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 EN CARNE FRESCA DE RES MEDIANTE PCR MÚLTIPLEX

Para la detección de E. coli O157:H7 en carne fresca de res, se comparó el método microbiológico tradicional y dos ensayos de PCR Múltiplex. En ensayos con muestras inoculadas se obtuvo una diferencia significativa entre PCR Múltiplex y aislamiento microbiológico. PCR Múltiplex mostró porcentaje mayor de sensibilidad, precisión relativa e índice kappa en el enriquecimiento con el caldo Ecm+n en comparación al CST+ccv. En 40 muestras de res corte tipo americano se detectaron 2 positivas (5%) por PCR múltiplex, mientras que por el método microbiológico no se logró su aislamiento en ninguna muestra. AbstractIn the present study were compared the traditional microbiological method and two tests of multiplex PCR for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in fresh beef meat. A significant difference was obtained between PCR multiplex and microbiological isolation in inoculated samples; in addition, in multiplex PCR was obtained a higher percentage of sensitivity, precision relative and Kappa index using the Ecm+n broth in comparison to the CST+ccv in the enrichment. In 40 samples of meat cuts American type were detected two positive samples (5%) by Multiplex PCR, whereas by the microbiological method was not obtained the isolation in any sample. Palabras clave: PCR Múltiplex, E. coli O157:H7, Carne,  Beef

Investigación en sistemas de trading, una propuesta para mejorar el desempeño de las AFOREs en México

El principal objetivo de un sistema de trading es maximizar sus beneficios utilizando señales y confirmaciones de tendencia que ayuden a mejorar el porcentaje de entradas y salidas apropiadas. En este proyecto, la fuente de estas señales proviene de un modelo de inteligencia artificial, específicamente una red neuronal multicapa. El entrenamiento del modelo utiliza datos diarios de contratos futuros continuos. Para mejorar el desempeño del sistema se tomó en cuenta un criterio de selección e importancia de variables con base a la estadística, así como una optimización de los hiper parámetros del modelo. Con el fin de disminuir la minusvalía de las posiciones abiertas, se propuso la implementación de una cobertura dinámica. Dicha cobertura se ejecutó con opciones para preservar el capital y gestionar el riesgo. El impacto de esta investigación se dirigió a contribuir e innovar el proceso de estrategias de inversión que realizan actualmente los fondos de pensión (AFORES) en México. Siendo el rendimiento un factor determinante para el retiro de futuras generaciones, y tomando en cuenta el contexto actual y recientes reformas en la materia, las estrategias de inversión apoyadas en tecnología se ha convertido en un área de suma importancia para nuestra sociedad.ITESO, A.C

Hydroecology of Amazonian lacustrine Arcellinida (testate amoebae): A case study from Lake Quistococha, Peru

Organic rich sediments were obtained from seven core tops taken in Lake Quistococha, near the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon. Subsamples from 0 to 4 cm depth in each core were analyzed under dissecting light microscopy to carry out the first investigation of Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) from a lacustrine environment in this ecologically important region. The fauna was characterized by a low diversity, low abundance community dominated by centropyxids. This fauna is similar to ‘stressed’ assemblages reported from temperate latitudes, except that test concentrations were two orders of magnitude lower than typical in temperate lakes. Principle arcellinidan stressors in Lake Quistococha likely include the low pH 4 conditions in the lake, and a general lack of suitable minerogenic material to construct tests in the organic rich lake substrate. The low pH conditions are the result of runoff and seepage of water high in dissolved organic carbon from the adjacent similarly low pH 4 terrestrial peatland. The dearth of minerogenic material is the result of the lake being isolated from riverine input for the past ∼2000 years, even during flooding events. Other limiting factors contributing to depressed arcellinidan populations may include nutrient supply, predation pressure, competition, and post-mortem taphonomic factors

The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00689-4.Star clusters form in dense, hierarchically collapsing gas clouds. Bulk kinetic energy is transformed to turbulence with stars forming from cores fed by filaments. In the most compact regions, stellar feedback is least effective in removing the gas and stars may form very efficiently. These are also the regions where, in high-mass clusters, ejecta from some kind of high-mass stars are effectively captured during the formation phase of some of the low mass stars and effectively channeled into the latter to form multiple populations. Star formation epochs in star clusters are generally set by gas flows that determine the abundance of gas in the cluster. We argue that there is likely only one star formation epoch after which clusters remain essentially clear of gas by cluster winds. Collisional dynamics is important in this phase leading to core collapse, expansion and eventual dispersion of every cluster. We review recent developments in the field with a focus on theoretical work.Peer reviewe

Bats in the anthropogenic matrix: Challenges and opportunities for the conservation of chiroptera and their ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes

Intensification in land-use and farming practices has had largely negative effects on bats, leading to population declines and concomitant losses of ecosystem services. Current trends in land-use change suggest that agricultural areas will further expand, while production systems may either experience further intensification (particularly in developing nations) or become more environmentally friendly (especially in Europe). In this chapter, we review the existing literature on how agricultural management affects the bat assemblages and the behavior of individual bat species, as well as the literature on provision of ecosystem services by bats (pest insect suppression and pollination) in agricultural systems. Bats show highly variable responses to habitat conversion, with no significant change in species richness or measures of activity or abundance. In contrast, intensification within agricultural systems (i.e., increased agrochemical inputs, reduction of natural structuring elements such as hedges, woods, and marshes) had more consistently negative effects on abundance and species richness. Agroforestry systems appear to mitigate negative consequences of habitat conversion and intensification, often having higher abundances and activity levels than natural areas. Across biomes, bats play key roles in limiting populations of arthropods by consuming various agricultural pests. In tropical areas, bats are key pollinators of several commercial fruit species. However, these substantial benefits may go unrecognized by farmers, who sometimes associate bats with ecosystem disservices such as crop raiding. Given the importance of bats for global food production, future agricultural management should focus on “wildlife-friendly” farming practices that allow more bats to exploit and persist in the anthropogenic matrix so as to enhance provision of ecosystem services. Pressing research topics include (1) a better understanding of how local-level versus landscape-level management practices interact to structure bat assemblages, (2) the effects of new pesticide classes and GM crops on bat populations, and (3) how increased documentation and valuation of the ecosystem services provided by bats could improve attitudes of producers toward their conservation

Lancet

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014. METHODS: CONCORD-3 includes individual records for 37.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer during the 15-year period 2000-14. Data were provided by 322 population-based cancer registries in 71 countries and territories, 47 of which provided data with 100% population coverage. The study includes 18 cancers or groups of cancers: oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, prostate, and melanoma of the skin in adults, and brain tumours, leukaemias, and lymphomas in both adults and children. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were rectified by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. For many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries. Survival trends are generally increasing, even for some of the more lethal cancers: in some countries, survival has increased by up to 5% for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and lung. For women diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for breast cancer is now 89.5% in Australia and 90.2% in the USA, but international differences remain very wide, with levels as low as 66.1% in India. For gastrointestinal cancers, the highest levels of 5-year survival are seen in southeast Asia: in South Korea for cancers of the stomach (68.9%), colon (71.8%), and rectum (71.1%); in Japan for oesophageal cancer (36.0%); and in Taiwan for liver cancer (27.9%). By contrast, in the same world region, survival is generally lower than elsewhere for melanoma of the skin (59.9% in South Korea, 52.1% in Taiwan, and 49.6% in China), and for both lymphoid malignancies (52.5%, 50.5%, and 38.3%) and myeloid malignancies (45.9%, 33.4%, and 24.8%). For children diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ranged from 49.8% in Ecuador to 95.2% in Finland. 5-year survival from brain tumours in children is higher than for adults but the global range is very wide (from 28.9% in Brazil to nearly 80% in Sweden and Denmark). INTERPRETATION: The CONCORD programme enables timely comparisons of the overall effectiveness of health systems in providing care for 18 cancers that collectively represent 75% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide every year. It contributes to the evidence base for global policy on cancer control. Since 2017, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has used findings from the CONCORD programme as the official benchmark of cancer survival, among their indicators of the quality of health care in 48 countries worldwide. Governments must recognise population-based cancer registries as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems for all patients diagnosed with cancer. FUNDING: American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe