Metaheuristic design of feedforward neural networks: a review of two decades of research

Over the past two decades, the feedforward neural network (FNN) optimization has been a key interest among the researchers and practitioners of multiple disciplines. The FNN optimization is often viewed from the various perspectives: the optimization of weights, network architecture, activation nodes, learning parameters, learning environment, etc. Researchers adopted such different viewpoints mainly to improve the FNN's generalization ability. The gradient-descent algorithm such as backpropagation has been widely applied to optimize the FNNs. Its success is evident from the FNN's application to numerous real-world problems. However, due to the limitations of the gradient-based optimization methods, the metaheuristic algorithms including the evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, etc., are still being widely explored by the researchers aiming to obtain generalized FNN for a given problem. This article attempts to summarize a broad spectrum of FNN optimization methodologies including conventional and metaheuristic approaches. This article also tries to connect various research directions emerged out of the FNN optimization practices, such as evolving neural network (NN), cooperative coevolution NN, complex-valued NN, deep learning, extreme learning machine, quantum NN, etc. Additionally, it provides interesting research challenges for future research to cope-up with the present information processing era

A genetic algorithm based neural-tuned neural network

Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringAuthor name used in this publication: F.H.F. LeungRefereed conference paper2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

Review of soft computing models in design and control of rotating electrical machines

Rotating electrical machines are electromechanical energy converters with a fundamental impact on the production and conversion of energy. Novelty and advancement in the control and high-performance design of these machines are of interest in energy management. Soft computing methods are known as the essential tools that significantly improve the performance of rotating electrical machines in both aspects of control and design. From this perspective, a wide range of energy conversion systems such as generators, high-performance electric engines, and electric vehicles, are highly reliant on the advancement of soft computing techniques used in rotating electrical machines. This article presents the-state-of-the-art of soft computing techniques and their applications, which have greatly influenced the progression of this significant realm of energy. Through a novel taxonomy of systems and applications, the most critical advancements in the field are reviewed for providing an insight into the future of control and design of rotating electrical machines

Advances in Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a very dynamic area in terms of theory and application. This book brings together many different aspects of the current research on several fields associated to RL which has been growing rapidly, producing a wide variety of learning algorithms for different applications. Based on 24 Chapters, it covers a very broad variety of topics in RL and their application in autonomous systems. A set of chapters in this book provide a general overview of RL while other chapters focus mostly on the applications of RL paradigms: Game Theory, Multi-Agent Theory, Robotic, Networking Technologies, Vehicular Navigation, Medicine and Industrial Logistic

Methodologies for time series prediction and missing value imputation

The amount of collected data is increasing all the time in the world. More sophisticated measuring instruments and increase in the computer processing power produce more and more data, which requires more capacity from the collection, transmission and storage. Even though computers are faster, large databases need also good and accurate methodologies for them to be useful in practice. Some techniques are not feasible to be applied to very large databases or are not able to provide the necessary accuracy. As the title proclaims, this thesis focuses on two aspects encountered with databases, time series prediction and missing value imputation. The first one is a function approximation and regression problem, but can, in some cases, be formulated also as a classification task. Accurate prediction of future values is heavily dependent not only on a good model, which is well trained and validated, but also preprocessing, input variable selection or projection and output approximation strategy selection. The importance of all these choices made in the approximation process increases when the prediction horizon is extended further into the future. The second focus area deals with missing values in a database. The missing values can be a nuisance, but can be also be a prohibiting factor in the use of certain methodologies and degrade the performance of others. Hence, missing value imputation is a very necessary part of the preprocessing of a database. This imputation has to be done carefully in order to retain the integrity of the database and not to insert any unwanted artifacts to aggravate the job of the final data analysis methodology. Furthermore, even though the accuracy is always the main requisite for a good methodology, computational time has to be considered alongside the precision. In this thesis, a large variety of different strategies for output approximation and variable processing for time series prediction are presented. There is also a detailed presentation of new methodologies and tools for solving the problem of missing values. The strategies and methodologies are compared against the state-of-the-art ones and shown to be accurate and useful in practice.Maailmassa tuotetaan koko ajan enemmän ja enemmän tietoa. Kehittyneemmät mittalaitteet, nopeammat tietokoneet sekä kasvaneet siirto- ja tallennuskapasiteetit mahdollistavat suurien tietomassojen keräämisen, siirtämisen ja varastoinnin. Vaikka tietokoneiden laskentateho kasvaa jatkuvasti, suurten tietoaineistojen käsittelyssä tarvitaan edelleen hyviä ja tarkkoja menetelmiä. Kaikki menetelmät eivät sovellu valtavien aineistojen käsittelyyn tai eivät tuota tarpeeksi tarkkoja tuloksia. Tässä työssä keskitytään kahteen tärkeään osa-alueeseen tietokantojen käsittelyssä: aikasarjaennustamiseen ja puuttuvien arvojen täydentämiseen. Ensimmäinen näistä alueista on regressio-ongelma, jossa pyritään arvioimaan aikasarjan tulevaisuutta edeltävien näytteiden pohjalta. Joissain tapauksissa regressio-ongelma voidaan muotoilla myös luokitteluongelmaksi. Tarkka aikasarjan ennustaminen on riippuvainen hyvästä ja luotettavasta ennustusmallista. Malli on opetettava oikein ja sen oikeellisuus ja tarkkuus on varmistettava. Lisäksi aikasarjan esikäsittely, syötemuuttujien valinta- tai projektiotapa sekä ennustusstrategia täytyy valita huolella ja niiden soveltuvuus mallin yhteyteen on varmistettava huolellisesti. Tehtyjen valintojen tärkeys kasvaa entisestään mitä pidemmälle tulevaisuuteen ennustetaan. Toinen tämän työn osa-alue käsittelee puuttuvien arvojen ongelmaa. Tietokannasta puuttuvat arvot voivat heikentää data-analyysimenetelmän tuottamia tuloksia tai jopa estää joidenkin menetelmien käytön, joten puuttuvien arvojen arviointi ja täydentäminen esikäsittelyn osana on suositeltavaa. Täydentäminen on kuitenkin tehtävä harkiten, sillä puutteellinen täydentäminen johtaa hyvin todennäköisesti epätarkkuuksiin lopullisessa käyttökohteessa ja ei-toivottuihin rakenteisiin tietokannan sisällä. Koska kyseessä on esikäsittely, eikä varsinainen datan hyötykäyttö, puuttuvien arvojen täydentämiseen käytetty laskenta-aika tulisi minimoida säilyttäen laskentatarkkuus. Tässä väitöskirjassa on esitelty erilaisia tapoja ennustaa pitkän ajan päähän tulevaisuuteen ja keinoja syötemuuttujien valintaan. Lisäksi uusia menetelmiä puuttuvien arvojen täydentämiseen on kehitetty ja niitä on vertailtu olemassa oleviin menetelmiin

Measurements, Models, Systems and Design

531 s.

Computational intelligence techniques for maximum energy efficiency of cogeneration processes based on internal combustion engines

153 p.El objeto de la tesis consiste en desarrollar estrategias de modelado y optimización del rendimiento energético de plantas de cogeneración basadas en motores de combustión interna (MCI), mediante el uso de las últimas tecnologías de inteligencia computacional. Con esta finalidad se cuenta con datos reales de una planta de cogeneración de energía, propiedad de la compañía EnergyWorks, situada en la localidad de Monzón (provincia de Huesca). La tesis se realiza en el marco de trabajo conjunto del Grupo de Diseño en Electrónica Digital (GDED) de la Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU y la empresa Optimitive S.L., empresa dedicada al software avanzado para la mejora en tiempo real de procesos industriale

Neural Networks: Training and Application to Nonlinear System Identification and Control

This dissertation investigates training neural networks for system identification and classification. The research contains two main contributions as follow:1. Reducing number of hidden layer nodes using a feedforward componentThis research reduces the number of hidden layer nodes and training time of neural networks to make them more suited to online identification and control applications by adding a parallel feedforward component. Implementing the feedforward component with a wavelet neural network and an echo state network provides good models for nonlinear systems.The wavelet neural network with feedforward component along with model predictive controller can reliably identify and control a seismically isolated structure during earthquake. The network model provides the predictions for model predictive control. Simulations of a 5-story seismically isolated structure with conventional lead-rubber bearings showed significant reductions of all response amplitudes for both near-field (pulse) and far-field ground motions, including reduced deformations along with corresponding reduction in acceleration response. The controller effectively regulated the apparent stiffness at the isolation level. The approach is also applied to the online identification and control of an unmanned vehicle. Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the wavelet neural network and the model predictive controller. 2. Training neural networks using trajectory based optimization approachesTraining neural networks is a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem to determine the weights of the neural network. Traditional training algorithms can be inefficient and can get trapped in local minima. Two global optimization approaches are adapted to train neural networks and avoid the local minima problem. Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the proposed methodology and its convergence in the presence of measurement errors. The first approach transforms the constraint satisfaction problem into unconstrained optimization. The constraints define a quotient gradient system (QGS) whose stable equilibrium points are local minima of the unconstrained optimization. The QGS is integrated to determine local minima and the local minimum with the best generalization performance is chosen as the optimal solution. The second approach uses the QGS together with a projected gradient system (PGS). The PGS is a nonlinear dynamical system, defined based on the optimization problem that searches the components of the feasible region for solutions. Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of PGS and QGS and their stability under presence of measurement noise

From model-driven to data-driven : a review of hysteresis modeling in structural and mechanical systems

Hysteresis is a natural phenomenon that widely exists in structural and mechanical systems. The characteristics of structural hysteretic behaviors are complicated. Therefore, numerous methods have been developed to describe hysteresis. In this paper, a review of the available hysteretic modeling methods is carried out. Such methods are divided into: a) model-driven and b) datadriven methods. The model-driven method uses parameter identification to determine parameters. Three types of parametric models are introduced including polynomial models, differential based models, and operator based models. Four algorithms as least mean square error algorithm, Kalman filter algorithm, metaheuristic algorithms, and Bayesian estimation are presented to realize parameter identification. The data-driven method utilizes universal mathematical models to describe hysteretic behavior. Regression model, artificial neural network, least square support vector machine, and deep learning are introduced in turn as the classical data-driven methods. Model-data driven hybrid methods are also discussed to make up for the shortcomings of the two methods. Based on a multi-dimensional evaluation, the existing problems and open challenges of different hysteresis modeling methods are discussed. Some possible research directions about hysteresis description are given in the final section