Evaluación de la capacidad de depredación de la especie de stratiolaelaps sp. (Acari: Laelapidae) en poblaciones de thrips palmi karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

El trips del melón Thrips palmi Karny, es una plaga cosmopolita y polífaga introducida al país desde 1997 y reportada afectando los cultivos de habichuela, melón y pimentón. El control químico es la herramienta más utilizada por los agricultores, sin embargo su eficacia se ve limitada por la resistencia a los insecticidas adquirida por el insecto. Ante esta problemática el control biológico puede ser una buena opción con base en acaros Laelapidae, dado que son depredadores promisorios, las crias masivas podrían ser utilizadas como importantes agentes de manejo de plagas como Thrips, Sciariadae, Cecidomyiidae, y ácaros plaga del suelo. Con el presente estudio se pretende evaluar de la capacidad de depredación de la especie de Stratiolaelaps sp. (Acari: Laelapidae) en poblaciones de Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Conocedores de la diversidad de estos ácaros en ecosistemas del Valle del Cauca y con el fin de desarrollar un método de cría de Stratiolaelaps sp., se colectaron individuos de dicha especie de acaros, en hojarasca y suelo en el corregimiento de Cisneros entre la superficie y 5,0 cm de profundidad, utilizando un cilindro de 5,0 cm de diámetro por 5,0 cm de altura; en un radio de 1 metro. Las muestras se transportaron en neveras de icopor con hielo al laboratorio de Entomología y Acarología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira. En el laboratorio las muestras de suelo y hojarasca se colocaron en bandejas mantequilleras para su conservación y posteriormente se extrajeron los ácaros depredadores del género Stratiolaelaps, los cuales se traspasaron a porrones plásticos que contenían ácaros como presa alternativa en crías masivas de la especie Tyrophagus putrescentiae Shrank (Acari: Acaridae); estos se obtuvieron de cajas petri con agar en el laboratorio de Microbiología Vegetal de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira. Como sustrato para mantener a Tyrophagus putrescentiae se utilizó alimento para perros. Se ofreció a los depredadores diferentes cantidades de alimento donde cada croqueta contenían 537 T. putrescentiae (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 y 14 croquetas) para establecer el numero apropiado para iniciar una cría del Laelapidae se evaluaron (25, 50, 75 y 100 individuos). Se encontró que la cría se puede mantener en porrones plásticos, a temperatura de 25 + 5°C y humedad relativa de 70 + 5%, asperjando agua periódicamente en los porrones. Se observó 100 gramos de croquetas limpias y 4 croquetas con 2148 T. putrescentiae. A los dos días se adicionan 25 adultos de Stratiolaelaps sp., y al cabo de 10 días se adicionan nuevamente 100 gramos de croquetas limpias y 4 nuevas croquetas con T. putrescentiae. Para la prueba de depredación en Thrips palmi se colectaron individuos de brotes melón, los cuales se criaron bajo condiciones de invernadero en plantas de frijol, con el fin de evaluar cuál era el estado de desarrollo de la plaga preferido. se ofrecieron ninfas de I instar, II instar, prepupas y adultos de T. palmi, se ofrecieron 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50 individuos de cada uno de los diferentes estados en forma separada. En las cajas Petri que contenía las densidades de la presa (T. palmi), se colocaron Stratiolaelaps sp. en números de 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10. Cada dos horas se evaluó el consumo de thrips ofrecidos y se observó una preferencia por las prepupas y pupas ya que son estados de poco movimiento, a diferencias de las ninfas y adultos que son muy móviles dificultando la captura. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para el desarrollo exitoso de un plan de control biológico eficaz.//Abstract: Melon Thrips palmi Karny is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest introduced to the country since 1997 and reported affecting beans, melons and paprika crops. Chemical control is the most used tool by farmers, however, its effectiveness is limited by the resistance to insecticides acquired by the insect. Faced with this problem, biological control may be a good choice based on Laelapidae mites, due to they are promising, massive offspring could be used as important agents of pest management as Thrips, Sciariadae, Cecidomyiidae, and soil pest mites. This research aims to evaluate the dredatory ability of the species Stratiolaelaps sp. (Acari: Laelapidae) in populations of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). People aware of the diversity of these mites in the Valle del Cauca ecosystems, with the objective to develop a method of raising Stratiolaelaps sp., collected individuals of the mites´ species, these were found in the location of Cisneros, ubicated into the litter and soil between the surface and 5.0 cm deep, using a cylinder of 5.0 cm diameter by 5.0 cm height; and 1 m. of radius. The samples were transported to the Entomology and Acarology Laboratory of the National University of Colombia at Palmira in styrofoam coolers with ice. In the laboratory the soil and litter samples were placed in butter trays for conservation and after were extracted predatory mites of the genus Stratiolaelaps, those were transferred in plastic jugs containing mites as alternative prey in massive pups of the species Tyrophagus putrescentiae Shrank (Acari: Acaridae); these were obtained from agar petri dishes in the laboratory of Plant Microbiology at the National University of Colombia at Palmira. In order to keep Tyrophagus putrescentiae the substrate used was dog food. There was offered to predators different amounts of food where every kibble contained 537 T. putrescentiae (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kibbles) to establish the appropriate number to start a breeding of Laelapidae were evaluated 25, 50, 75 and 100 individuals. It was found that the breeding can be kept in plastic jugs, providing a temperature of 25 + 5 ° C and relative humidity of 70 + 5%, sprinkling water periodically in the jugs. It was observed 100 gr. of clean kibbles and 4 kibbles with 2148 T. putrescentiae. After two days were added 25 adults of the species Stratiolaelaps sp., and after 10 days were added again 100 gr. Of clean kibbles and 4 new kibbles with T. putrescentiae. For the predation test in Thrips palmi there were collected melon’s bud individuals, which were raised under greenhouse conditions in bean plants, in order to evaluate which was the state of development of the preferred pest. There were offered nymphs of instar I and II, prepupae and adults of T. palmi, also, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 individuals from each of the different states separately. There were placed Stratiolaelaps sp. in numbers of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 in Petri dishes containing prey densities (T. palmi). Every two hours was evaluated thrips consumption and a preference was observed for prepupae and pupae because those are states of little movement, unlike to nymphs and adults that are very movable difficulting the capture. The results are important for the successful development of a plan of effective biological control.Maestrí

Landscape - wildfire interactions in southern Europe: implications for landscape management

ReviewEvery year approximately half a million hectares of land are burned by wildfires in southern Europe, causing large ecological and socio-economic impacts. Climate and land use changes in the last decades have increased fire risk and danger. In this paper we review the available scientific knowledge on the relationships between landscape and wildfires in the Mediterranean region, with a focus on its application for defining landscape management guidelines and policies that could be adopted in order to promote landscapes with lower fire hazard. The main findings are that (1) socio-economic drivers have favoured land cover changes contributing to increasing fire hazard in the last decades, (2) large wildfires are becoming more frequent, (3) increased fire frequency is promoting homogeneous landscapes covered by fire-prone shrublands; (4) landscape planning to reduce fuel loads may be successful only if fire weather conditions are not extreme. The challenges to address these problems and the policy and landscape management responses that should be adopted are discussed, along with major knowledge gapsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Search for supersymmetry in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV using identified top quarks

A search for supersymmetry is presented based on proton-proton collision events containing identified hadronically decaying top quarks, no leptons, and an imbalance p(T)(miss) in transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). Search regions are defined in terms of the multiplicity of bottom quark jet and top quark candidates, the p(T)(miss) , the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, and themT2 mass variable. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model. Lower limits on the masses of supersymmetric particles are determined at 95% confidence level in the context of simplified models with top quark production. For a model with direct top squark pair production followed by the decay of each top squark to a top quark and a neutralino, top squark masses up to 1020 GeVand neutralino masses up to 430 GeVare excluded. For amodel with pair production of gluinos followed by the decay of each gluino to a top quark-antiquark pair and a neutralino, gluino masses up to 2040 GeVand neutralino masses up to 1150 GeVare excluded. These limits extend previous results.Peer reviewe

Search for resonances in the mass spectrum of muon pairs produced in association with b quark jets in proton-proton collisions at root 8 and 13 TeV

A search for resonances in the mass range 12-70 GeV produced in association with a b quark jet and a second jet, and decaying to a muon pair, is reported. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 35.9 fb(-1), respectively. The search is carried out in two mutually exclusive event categories. Events in the first category are required to have a b quark jet in the central region (|| 2.4) and at least one jet in the forward region (|| > 2.4). Events in the second category are required to have two jets in the central region, at least one of which is identified as a b quark jet, no jets in the forward region, and low missing transverse momentum. An excess of events above the background near a dimuon mass of 28 GeV is observed in the 8 TeV data, corresponding to local significances of 4.2 and 2.9 standard deviations for the first and second event categories, respectively. A similar analysis conducted with the 13 TeV data results in a mild excess over the background in the first event category corresponding to a local significance of 2.0 standard deviations, while the second category results in a 1.4 standard deviation deficit. The fiducial cross section measurements and 95% confidence level upper limits on those for a resonance consistent with the 8 TeV excess are provided at both collision energies

Search for Evidence of the Type-III Seesaw Mechanism in Multilepton Final States in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson produced in association with bottom quarks in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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Measurement of vector boson scattering and constraints on anomalous quartic couplings from events with four leptons and two jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in proton-lead collisions at root s(NN)=5:02 and 8.16 TeV

The pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in proton-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies root s(NN) = 5.02 and 8.16 TeV are presented. The measurements are based on data samples collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The number of primary charged hadrons produced in non-single-diffractive proton-lead collisions is determined in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta(lab)vertical bar vertical bar(vertical bar eta cm vertical bar) <0.5 are 17.1 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.59 (syst) and 20.10 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.5(syst) at root s(NN) = 5.02 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. The particle densities per participant nucleon are compared to similar measurements in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions.Peer reviewe

Observation of Top Quark Production in Proton-Nucleus Collisions

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