Anemia da doença crônica: uma revisão da fisiopatologia, do diagnóstico e do tratamento / Anemia of chronic disease: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment

A anemia da doença crônica é uma patologia desenvolvida a partir de um quadro inflamatório associado a doenças crônicas, infecciosas ou não, e até alguns tipos de câncer. Os objetivos mais importantes dessa revisão são: abordar os principais aspectos relacionados a manifestação clínica da anemia da doença crônica, elucidar sobre a fisiopatologia e diagnóstico da doença e, ainda, explicar sobre as possíveis opções de tratamento disponíveis para a anemia da doença crônica. Busca-se, também, descrever fatores relevantes sobre o metabolismo do ferro no organismo e o processo inflamatório envolvido na patologia. Para produzir o trabalho, foi realizado um estudo do tipo secundário, a partir da revisão descritiva e qualitativa da literatura nas bases eletrônicas de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) e Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). A pesquisa incluiu 12 artigos, entre os anos de 2002 e 2020. Caracterizada por ser um distúrbio multifatorial, a anemia da doença crônica tem como principais causas a redução da produção renal de eritropoietina, a redução da sobrevida dos eritrócitos para cerca de 80 dias, a menor resposta dos precursores eritróides à eritropoietina e, principalmente, o sequestro de ferro, o qual é resultado da interação das citocinas inflamatórias com o hormônio hepcidina, produzido pelo fígado. Esses fatores levam a ferro sérico baixo e ferritina sérica normal ou alta. Nesse sentido, esse estudo é importante para o entendimento da anemia de doença crônica, uma vez que a abordagem busca uma atualização quanto ao que se conhece sobre a doença, sendo isso essencial para a diminuição de sub-diagnósticos e para que os pacientes possam obter melhor qualidade de vida. 

Integrando Educação em Saúde como Estratégia-Chave na Prevenção do Câncer de Colo de Útero: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Introduction: Cervical cancer prevention poses a significant challenge in the global public health arena, as this pathology continues to affect women worldwide. In this context, the integration of health education emerges as a key strategy, playing a crucial role in raising awareness, prevention, and promoting women's health. Methodology: The search was restricted to the last 5 years, considering the timeliness of the information. The applied filters included the requirement for access to the full text, prioritizing systematic reviews as a means to ensure a comprehensive and consolidated analysis of the existing scientific literature. The initial number of identified articles was 33. Results: Promoting proactive attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention goes beyond simple information dissemination. It involves cultivating a preventive mindset, encouraging women to adopt regular care practices and integrate preventive measures into their health routines. Conclusion: When considering patient profiles, risk factors, the importance of educational initiatives, screening, and the use of protective measures, it is possible to develop comprehensive and culturally sensitive approaches. These approaches aim not only to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer but also to promote women's overall health.Introdução: A prevenção do câncer de colo de útero representa um desafio significativo na arena global de saúde pública, uma vez que essa patologia continua a afetar mulheres em todo o mundo. Nesse contexto, a integração da educação em saúde surge como uma estratégia-chave, desempenhando um papel crucial na conscientização, prevenção e promoção da saúde feminina. Metodologia: A busca foi restrita aos últimos 5 anos, considerando a atualidade das informações, e os filtros aplicados incluíram a necessidade de acesso ao texto completo, priorizando revisões sistemáticas como forma de garantir uma análise abrangente e consolidada da literatura científica existente. O número inicial de artigos identificados foi de 33. Resultados: Promover atitudes proativas em relação à prevenção do câncer cervical vai além da simples disseminação de informações. Envolve cultivar uma mentalidade preventiva, encorajando as mulheres a adotarem práticas de cuidado regular e a integrarem medidas preventivas em suas rotinas de saúde Conclusão: Ao considerar o perfil do paciente, os fatores de risco, a importância das ações educativas, do rastreamento e da utilização de preservativos, é possível desenvolver abordagens abrangentes e culturalmente sensíveis, visando não apenas à redução da incidência, mas também à promoção da saúde feminina em sua totalidade.   &nbsp

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV