Computer Network Security and ARL Libraries

This article will review current recommendations for computer security practices for staff computing, summarize current practices in US Association of Research Libraries and propose further areas to explore

Decreasing Pain in Pediatric Patients During Intravenous Catheter Insertions on the Pediatric Inpatient Surgery Unit

Abstract As healthcare in the United States transforms, the voice of advocacy for pediatric patients is also evolving. The act of inserting a peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter for medical care of a pediatric patient is one of the most common invasive procedures in the healthcare industry. However, the preventable pain accompanying such a common procedure is often overlooked. Pediatric patients are different than adults due to the lack of physiological and psychological development. When a peripheral intravenous catheter is inserted without pain prevention interventions, there are long-term and short-term consequences for the patient and family. In turn, there are many benefits attributed to utilizing pain prevention interventions during IV insertions. For this project, the standardization of topical analgesics for pain prevention interventions is the main focus for decreasing pediatric pain during IV insertion. For this evidence-based project, the purpose is to implement and standardize the use of topical analgesics for pain prevention interventions during peripheral IV insertions for pediatric patients. The aim of this project is as follows: By December 1, 2022, at least 85% of pediatric patients admitted on the inpatient surgical unit at East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, requiring peripheral intravenous access, will receive topical analgesics as a form of pain prevention interventions. Keywords: pain, peripheral intravenous catheter, pediatrics, interventio

Does Variability Across Events Affect Verb Learning in English, Mandarin, and Korean?

Extending new verbs is important in becoming a productive speaker of a language. Prior results show children have difficulty extending verbs when they have seen events with varied agents. This study further examines the impact of variability on verb learning and asks whether variability interacts with event complexity or differs by language. Children (aged 2 1⁄2 to 3 years) in the United States, China, Korea, and Singapore learned verbs linked to simple and complex events. Sets of events included one or three agents, and children were asked to extend the verb at test. Children learning verbs linked to simple movements performed similarly across conditions. However, children learning verbs linked to events with multiple objects were less successful if those events were enacted by multiple agents. A follow-up study rules out an influence of event order. Overall, similar patterns of results emerged across languages, suggesting common cognitive processes support children’s verb learning

The Effects of Regional Population Growth on Hunting for Selected Big Game Species in Southcentral Alaska 1976-2000

This report represents an initial attempt to incorporate available hunting and fishing harvest data gathered by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game into a comprehensive framework employing econometric modeling to forecast future hunting pressure on the state's game resources. This project was fraught with difficulties at every turn, not the least of which was retrieving and formatting the hunting data in a form which could be employed for our modeling experiments. Consequently, the project could not have taken place at all without the ready cooperation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, who generously made staff time available to us, and Mr. Ed Murphy of the University of Alaska Institute of Arctic Biology, who supplied and ran the programs which made SPSS access to the hunting data possible. The population projections were made by Tom Lane, with the aid of Mike Scott, while the hunting data manipulation, species habitat, and the hunting effort programming and projections were handled by Bob Childers and Bill Alves. Typing was done by Darla Siver and Marge Matlock. We believe this study to be a useful first attempt to forecast hunting demand in Alaska for long-range planning purposes. As funding becomes available, the Institute plans future research in this critical quality-of-life aspect of a rapidly growing state.The State of AlaskaForeword Table of Contents Table of Tables Table of Figures INTRODUCTION DATA SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS A. B. c. D. Introduction. Hunting Data. - Missing Data - Unreported Hunts and Kills - Permit Hunts - Geographic Compatibility Resource Data - Limitations Human Population Data METHODS: DATA MANIPULATION A. B. C. D. E. Introduction Data Tapes - Origins . - Unknown Origins - Destinations Allowable Harvest Travel Costs . Resident Population Projections METHODS: MODELING HUNTING PRESSURE A. B. A Description of the Models Used - The Model for Deer, Sheep, and Goat Hunting - The Model for Moose Hunting Directions for More Sophisticated Modeling - The Concept of Accessibility. - The Effect of Changing Leisure and Vacation Time . - Changing the Treatment of Intraregion Travel. - Including the Effect of Management Barriers - Quality of the Hunt . Linear Model Incorporating Some Suggested Improvements - Importance of Travel Cost and Success Ratio - Toward a More General Model RESULTS A. B. c, Moose Hunting Projections - Assumptions and Limitations of the Model A Regional Overview Scenario I , Scenario II Scenario III - Discussion of Moose Hunting Projections Deer Hunting Projections , - Assumptions and Limitations of the Model - Presentation and Interpretation of Results Sheep Hunting Projections - Assumptions and Limitations of the Model - Presentation of Result

Crying and feeding problems in infancy and cognitive outcome in preschool children born at risk : a prospective population study

Objective: To investigate whether regulatory problems, i.e., crying and feeding problems in infants > 3 months of age, predict cognitive outcome in preschool children born at risk even when controlled for confounding factors. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of children born in a geographically defined area in Germany. N = 4427 children of 6705 eligible survivors (66%) participated at all four assessment points (neonatal, 5, 20, and 56 months of age). Excessive crying and feeding problems were measured at 5 months. Mental development was assessed with the Griffiths Scale at 20 months, and cognitive assessments were conducted at 56 months. Neonatal complications, neurological, and psychosocial factors were controlled as confounders in structural equation modeling and analyses of variance. Results: One in five infants suffered from single crying or feeding problems, and 2% had multiple regulatory problems, i.e., combined crying and feeding problems at 5 months. In girls, regulatory problems were directly predictive of lower cognition at 56 months, even when controlled for confounders, whereas in boys, the influence on cognition at 56 months was mediated by low mental development at 20 months. Both in boys and girls, shortened gestational age, neonatal neurological complications, and poor parent-infant relationship were predictive of regulatory problems at 5 months and lower cognition at 56 months. Conclusion: Regulatory problems in infancy have a small but significant adverse effect on cognitive development

Relativistic Calculation of the Meson Spectrum: a Fully Covariant Treatment Versus Standard Treatments

A large number of treatments of the meson spectrum have been tried that consider mesons as quark - anti quark bound states. Recently, we used relativistic quantum "constraint" mechanics to introduce a fully covariant treatment defined by two coupled Dirac equations. For field-theoretic interactions, this procedure functions as a "quantum mechanical transform of Bethe-Salpeter equation". Here, we test its spectral fits against those provided by an assortment of models: Wisconsin model, Iowa State model, Brayshaw model, and the popular semi-relativistic treatment of Godfrey and Isgur. We find that the fit provided by the two-body Dirac model for the entire meson spectrum competes with the best fits to partial spectra provided by the others and does so with the smallest number of interaction functions without additional cutoff parameters necessary to make other approaches numerically tractable. We discuss the distinguishing features of our model that may account for the relative overall success of its fits. Note especially that in our approach for QCD, the resulting pion mass and associated Goldstone behavior depend sensitively on the preservation of relativistic couplings that are crucial for its success when solved nonperturbatively for the analogous two-body bound-states of QED.Comment: 75 pages, 6 figures, revised content

Democratization of ecosystem services—a radical approach for assessing nature’s benefits in the face of urbanization

OBJECTIVES : (1) To evaluate how ecosystem services may be utilized to either reinforce or fracture the planning and development practices that emerged from segregation and economic exclusion; (2) To survey the current state of ecosystem service assessments and synthesize a growing number of recommendations from the literature for renovating ecosystem service analyses. METHODS : Utilizing current maps of ecosystem service distribution in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, South Africa, we considered how a democratized process of assessing ecosystem services will produce a more nuanced representation of diverse values in society and capture heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and function. RESULTS : We propose interventions for assessing ecosystem services that are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders’ values and result in actual quantification of social and ecological processes. We demonstrate how to operationalize a pluralistic framework for ecosystem service assessments. CONCLUSION : A democratized approach to ecosystem service assessments is a reimagined path to rescuing a poorly implemented concept and designing and managing future socialecological systems that benefit people and support ecosystem integrity. It is the responsibility of scientists who do ecosystem services research to embrace more complex, pluralistic frameworks so that sound and inclusive scientific information is utilized in decision-making.The National Science Foundation under Grant No. RCN 1140070.https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tehs20am2019Educational Psycholog

Why sequence all eukaryotes?

Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but eukaryotes additionally display abundant morphological innovation. How have these innovations come about and what constraints are there on the origins of novelty and the continuing maintenance of biodiversity on Earth? The history of life and the code for the working parts of cells and systems are written in the genome. The Earth BioGenome Project has proposed that the genomes of all extant, named eukaryotes-about 2 million species-should be sequenced to high quality to produce a digital library of life on Earth, beginning with strategic phylogenetic, ecological, and high-impact priorities. Here we discuss why we should sequence all eukaryotic species, not just a representative few scattered across the many branches of the tree of life. We suggest that many questions of evolutionary and ecological significance will only be addressable when whole-genome data representing divergences at all of the branchings in the tree of life or all species in natural ecosystems are available. We envisage that a genomic tree of life will foster understanding of the ongoing processes of speciation, adaptation, and organismal dependencies within entire ecosystems. These explorations will resolve long-standing problems in phylogenetics, evolution, ecology, conservation, agriculture, bioindustry, and medicine

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal