The development of Langmuir\u27s adsorption isotherms for glucose and fructose and the separation via continuous parametric pumping

The adsorption equilibria and adsorption rates of fructose and of glucose on aqueous suspensions of fullers earth were determined at various temperatures. The Langmuir adsorption equations were fitted to the equilibrium data and the Langmuir constants were determined so that isotherms could be developed for any pair of parametric pumping operating temperatures. This glucose+fructose+water system was then subjected to continuous thermal parametric pumping for the separation of glucose and fructose. The operating conditions required for the separation were determined from the experimental adsorption rates and equilibrium isotherms. Samples taken from the continuous top and bottom streams were analyzed by polarimetry for fructose content and by evaporation for total sugar concentration. The results compared favourably with those predicted by the equations of Chen and Hill(1). Although the separation was successful,the cycle times required were very long due to the time required to reach adsorption equilibrium

Identification of Approaches in the Approved Objectives, The Syllabuses of Teacher Training, and National Program in Iran's Case

AbstractAs one of multiple forms of literacy, art can cause human to achieve knowledge and insight. This subject can be studied as to various visions or approaches to art education. In this integrative inquiry, approaches of art education were studied and the results showed that the dominant approach in the current approved objectives is visual culture vision and in both the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training programs is art production approach. In the NC, thinking disposition, aesthetic, and DBAE approaches have been considered. Knowledge-domains in the current approved objectives for art education more relates to knowing that, and knowing how is more obvious in the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training, while The NC contains several knowledge kindsand approaches

Dinamika Pemikiran Sarjana Muslim tentang Metodologi Studi Agama di Indonesia: Kajian terhadap Literatur Terpublikasi Tahun 1964-2012

This study seeks to examine the development of Moslem scholars idea on the methodology of religious studies published in the 1969-2012 timeframe. Historical method of collective idea with textual study approach is employed in this study. It is found in the study that the literature of religiuos studies which contain published methodology discussion develop slowly and quantitatively has not increased significantly. The methodology ideas contained in the literature have four variants of ideas, i.e.: the use of the remain scientific method, the use of scientific method for cultural and social religious phenomenon and theological normative approach for doctrine aspects, the use of synthesis method, and the use of non-West approach or the use of selective and critical West approach in religious studies.Keywords: Dynamics of ideas, Moslem Scholars, Religious Studies, published literaturePenelitian ini berusaha untuk mengkaji perkembangan pemikiran sarjana muslim tentang metodologi studi agama melalui literatur studi agama yang terpublikasi dalam rentang waktu 1964-2012. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah pemikiran kolektif dengan pendekatan kajian teks. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa literatur studi agama yang memuat bahasan metodologi yang terpublikasi berkembang lamban dan tidak mengalami penambahan jumlah yang berarti. Gagasan metodologis yang terkandung di dalamnya memiliki empat varian pemikiran, yaitu cukup menggunakan metode ilmiah yang ada, menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah untuk fenomena keagamaan sosial dan budaya dan pendekatan teologis-normatif untuk aspek doktrin, menggunakan metode sintesis, dan adapula yang menghendaki menggunakan pendekatan non-Barat atau setidaknya menggunakan pendekatan Barat dengan kritis dan selektif dalam studi agama.Kata kunci: Dinamika Pemikiran, Sarjana Muslim, Studi Agama, literatur terpublikas

Sotrack / Muhammad Nur Adhzani Muhammad Shukri ...[et al.]

SoTrack is our product that innovated from current fixed ground-mount solar panels. Our company decide to make changes and improve towards this current product to increase its efficient on power generation, harness power from the sun ray to the max and reduces the amount of real estate needed for the system. The problem with the current fixed ground - mount solar panels is they do not rotate and do not aim directly to the sun as the sun moves over time. This means the orientation of the solar panels is kept unchanged during the entire year. As a result, the lesser the sunlight been harvested. But with small adjustment would be advantageous. Solar power, with its promise of emissions-free renewable energy, boasts a growing number of fans. Some of them, it turns out, are thieves, and a lot of cases of solar panels being stolen have been reported. And lastly, it requires large amounts of solar panel and requires large amounts of land either. It would take around three to four sheets of the solar panel to be able to produce the same amount of electricity as that of a single solar tracker. The unique part about our product is it has two rotation axis degrees, which are called the "primary axis" and the "secondary axis." The rotational axis can move downwards or upwards to adjust with the angles of the sun throughout the day. SoTrack allows for the most accurate orientation of the solar device, and it provides 40% more output through energy absorption and can maximize energy production

Stigma, discrimination, and attitude towards the Chinese community in the USA and Canada during the outbreak of COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak, declared a global pandemic by the WHO, raises some serious health, as well as discrimination concerns worldwide. This study outlines the knowledge, stigma, and discrimination of people towards the Chinese community in the USA and Canada at the onset of the pandemic.   Methods: An online community-based, opt-in descriptive survey was conducted spring of 2020. The study collected data with anonymity about demographics, travel history, COVID-19 knowledge, awareness, as well as stigmatization and discrimination against the Chinese community. Data was compiled with excel using descriptive statistics and Chi-square for the analysis.   Results: Among 172participants, the highest number of responses came from the 21 to 40-year-old age groups. There was some reported stigma against the Chinese community in the study, particularly during the early days of the outbreak; 6.4% participants indicated that only Chinese infected COVID-19 individuals need to be quarantined with 13.4% avoiding only the Chinese community; Furthermore, 30% blamed people from China for the COVID-19 outbreak; while 13% people said they would avoid Chinese people and/or their communities. Results from the study suggest that those who live in urban settings, who are married and hold university degrees have a better understanding of the infection, knowledge of how it spreads, and also are less likely to discriminate against the Chinese community or blame the Chinese from China for COVID-19.   Conclusion: Lack of knowledge caused anxiety and fear among some people, which thus played the main role in the rising cases of Chinese community stigma and discrimination reported

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON GASTRIC BLEEDING AND DRUG INTERACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AT CARDIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Anticoagulants are the class of drugs that are used to prevent thrombus extension and embolic complications by reducing the rate of fibrin formation. They do not dissolve already formed clot but prevent recurrences. Method: A total of 200 patients were included in these prospective, uni-centric, observational studies who were suffering from Cardiovascular Diseases, from the cardiology inpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Results: It was observed that out of 200 patients included in the study, 122 (61%) patients were treated with anticoagulants and antiplatelets, 75(37.5%) were treated with anticoagulants only. Out of 200 prescriptions encountered, 198 (99%) prescriptions have rational use of anticoagulants and only 2 (1%) were irrational. It was also observed that only 0.5% was present with GI bleeding whereas 2% of the total population was present with other side effects like nasal bleeding, haematuria, etc. Among 200 prescriptions, 251 drug interactions were found with anticoagulants. where Heparin and Aspirin was the most frequently encountered (23.1%) interaction, The least (0.4%) seen drug interactions were Aspirin & Warfarin, Heparin & Eptifibatide, Enoxaparin & Eptifibatide, Heparin & Tirofiban, Heparin & Enoxaparin, Warfarin & Tramadol, Warfarin & Amoxicillin & Glipizide and Heparin. Keywords: GI Bleeding, Anticoagulant

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study of Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Females in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females in Saudi Arabia and its incidence is steadily increasing. Late discovery and diagnosis leads to poor outcomes. This study aims to measure the knowledge and level of awareness about breast cancer among the females in Jazan and their knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self examination (BSE). A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 440 women in the age group (20-60 years) randomly chosen from 5 health facilities. Data was collected through interview using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: socio-demographic characteristics, Knowledge about breast cancer and associated factors, practice of breast self examination (BSE) and the attitude seeking medical advice. Results show knowledge of studied women about breast cancer was low (35.6%), only 23% know about the relation of breast cancer with family history and genetic link. Educational level was significantly associated with knowledge of BSE, when to practice it and mammograms. Although 38.6% of females in the sample know how to practice BSE, only 8.4% practice it regularly and 32.2 % not regularly. Attitude about seeking medical help and practice of BSE was high (94.6%)

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus: Subcortical connections and innervation by serotonin, orexin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone in macaque monkeys

The present study examines subcortical connections of paraventricular thalamic nucleus (Pa) following small anterograde and retrograde tracer injections in cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). An anterograde tracer injection into the dorsal midline thalamus revealed strong projections to the accumbens nucleus, basal amygdala, lateral septum, and hypothalamus. Retrograde tracer injections into these areas labeled neurons specifically in Pa. Following a retrograde tracer injection into Pa, labeled neurons were found in the hypothalamus, dorsal raphe, and periaqueductal gray. Pa contained a remarkably high density of axons and axonal varicosities immunoreactive for serotonin (5-HT) and orexin/hypocretin (ORX), as well as a moderate density of fibers immunoreactive for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). A retrograde tracer injection into Pa combined with immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ORX and 5-HT axons originate from neurons in the hypothalamus and midbrain. Pa-projecting neurons were localized in the same nuclei of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and midbrain as CRH neurons, although no double labeling was found. The connections of Pa and its innervation by 5-HT, ORX, and CRH suggest that it may relay stress signals between the midbrain and hypothalamus with the accumbens nucleus, basal amygdala, and subgenual cortex as part of a circuit that manages stress and possibly stress-related psychopathologies. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:825–848, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61435/1/21934_ftp.pd

Enriched Environment Experience Overcomes Learning Deficits and Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Juvenile Stress

Mood disorders affect the lives and functioning of millions each year. Epidemiological studies indicate that childhood trauma is predominantly associated with higher rates of both mood and anxiety disorders. Exposure of rats to stress during juvenility (JS) (27–29 days of age) has comparable effects and was suggested as a model of induced predisposition for these disorders. The importance of the environment in the regulation of brain, behavior and physiology has long been recognized in biological, social and medical sciences. Here, we studied the effects of JS on emotional and cognitive aspects of depressive-like behavior in adulthood, on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity and on the expression of cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1-CAM). Furthermore, we combined it with the examination of potential reversibility by enriched environment (EE) of JS – induced disturbances of emotional and cognitive aspects of behavior in adulthood. Three groups were tested: Juvenile Stress –subjected to Juvenile stress; Enriched Environment – subjected to Juvenile stress and then, from day 30 on to EE; and Naïves. In adulthood, coping and stress responses were examined using the elevated plus-maze, open field, novel setting exploration and two way shuttle avoidance learning. We found that, JS rats showed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in adulthood, altered HPA axis activity and altered L1-CAM expression. Increased expression of L1-CAM was evident among JS rats in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and Thalamus (TL). Furthermore, we found that EE could reverse most of the effects of Juvenile stress, both at the behavioral, endocrine and at the biochemical levels. The interaction between JS and EE resulted in an increased expression of L1-CAM in dorsal cornu ammonis (CA) area 1 (dCA1)

Neuronal diversity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

The amygdala complex is a diverse group of more than 13 nuclei, segregated in five major groups: the basolateral (BLA), central (CeA), medial (MeA), cortical (CoA), and basomedial (BMA) amygdala nuclei. These nuclei can be distinguished depending on their cytoarchitectonic properties, connectivity, genetic, and molecular identity, and most importantly, on their functional role in animal behavior. The extended amygdala includes the CeA and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Both CeA and the BNST share similar cellular organization, including common neuron types, reciprocal connectivity, and many overlapping downstream targets. In this section, we describe the advances of our knowledge on neuronal diversity in the amygdala complex and the BNST, based on recent functional studies, performed at genetic, molecular, physiological, and anatomical levels in rodent models, especially rats and mice. Molecular and connection property can be used separately, or in combinations, to define neuronal populations, leading to a multiplexed neuronal diversity-supporting different functional roles. © 2020 Elsevier B.V