4,344 research outputs found
A model of a downburst, a wind tunnel program on planetary boundary layer, and airship in turbulence
An engineering model of microbursts was developed as an aid to possible future flight simulation in wind shear. Planetary boundary layer and high altitude turbulence were also modeled
Foods of Association
This fascinating book examines the biology and culture of foods and beverages that are consumed in communal settings, with special attention to their health implications. Nina Etkin covers a wealth of topics, exploring human evolutionary history, the Slow Food movement, ritual and ceremonial foods, caffeinated beverages, spices, the street foods of Hawaii and northern Nigeria, and even bottled water. Her work is framed by a biocultural perspective that considers both the physiological implications of consumption and the cultural construction and circulation of foods
From One to Many: Toward an Understanding of Multiple Means and Multiple Goals
Consumers often use products, services, and behaviors to help them pursue their multiple goals. They eat fresh produce to be healthy, buy suits to look professional at work, and buy movie tickets to relax and have fun. These goal-related products and services are collectively referred to as "means" to goal attainment.
Prior research to-date has primarily focused on the use of a single means to pursue a single goal. This one-to-one relationship between a single means and a single goal, however, is an overly simplistic perspective. Consumers typically utilize multiple means for goal pursuit, and have multiple goals they wish to pursue at the same time. My dissertation adopts this more realistic framework for understanding how consumers use means to pursue their goals. In three essays I explore how the relationships among multiple means and multiple goals, which I define in terms of variety, impact consumer motivation.
The first two essays of my dissertation examine how the degree of variety among consumers' multiple means impacts goal-directed motivation. In Essay I, I consider how the motivational impact of having more (vs. less) varied means evolves over the course of goal pursuit, as consumers move from perceiving low to high progress towards goal attainment. Relatedly, in Essay II I consider how adopting a near versus far future time horizon for goal pursuit moderates the impact of variety among means on motivation. Finally, Essay III examines how perceived variety among consumers' multiple goals influences evaluations of means to goal attainment. I identify incidental mood as one factor spontaneously influencing consumers' perceptions of variety between goals.
My research has a number of implications for marketers. Highly motivated consumers are more likely to make repeated purchases within goal-related product categories, and also tend to have higher willingness to pay. Thus, from the perspective of marketers, motivated consumers are desirable consumers. These findings suggest how marketers might strategically manage consumer motivation in order to achieve such desirable outcomes. Perceptions of variety, among means and among goals, are malleable. Marketers may thus encourage consumers to perceive their product offerings, or associated goals, as more or less varied depending on consumers' position relative to goal attainment, their adopted time horizon for goal pursuit, and presence use of incidental mood appeals
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Cove-Edge Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors: from Molecules to Devices
This dissertation presents research conducted on the structure-property relationships of cove-edge graphene nanoribbon (GNR) semiconductors from the scale of molecular conformation to device performance. The ribbons described here are made derived from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI) and adopt a helical conformation so we call them helical PDI (hPDI). They are n-type semiconductors with exceptional performance in field-effect transistors (FETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), narrowband photodetectors, and electron transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. In this work, reaction chemistry is used to design and synthesize new derivatives of hPDI to shine light on their molecular, bulk, and device properties.
The first chapter concerns the incorporation of hPDI into alternating donor- acceptor (D-A) macromolecules to create materials with internal charge transfer (CT). Computational and spectroscopic techniques, including femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fsTA), are used to probe the CT character of these materials. A large dihedral angle between donor and acceptor portions limits orbital overlap, leading to lowest energy excited state with HOMO localized on the donor and LUMO localized on the acceptor. Notably, internal CT improves the OPV performance of these oligomers over their parent hPDI, while analogous macromolecules without internal CT exhibit reduced OPV performance.
Chapter 2 details a method for side chain engineering of hPDI by installing the side chain in the final step of the synthesis, rather than the first. The aromatic core of hPDI is built up with esters, rather than imides, appending the edges of the ribbons. The ester-appended ribbons are readily transformed into a late-stage intermediate for divergent installation of any desired side chains, including those that pose synthetic challenges when they are introduced into the parent PDI from the beginning. These side chains have a profound effect on the optical, thermal, and charge transport properties of hPDI in the solid state. This strategy of introducing imide side-chains into PDI-based materials in the final step can be generalized to other systems.
Chapter 3 demonstrates a method for controlling the conformation of cove-edge GNRs by changing the chemical substitution pattern at their edges. All-sp2 substituents that lock adjacent edge positions into a ring rigidify the aromatic core of these ribbons. When substituents at adjacent edge positions are no longer locked into a ring, the aromatic core becomes flexible. Modulating this flexibility dictates how these ribbons contort to accommodate their cove-edges, with rigid cores contorting into chiral helixes, and flexible cores contorting into a butterfly conformation. This may point the way forward for the use of GNRs in applications that rely on precise control of molecular conformatio
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