52 research outputs found
Dissipative Interaction and Anomalous Surface Absorption of Bulk Phonons at a Two-Dimensional Defect in a Solid
We predict an extreme sensitivity to the dissipative losses of the resonant
interaction of bulk phonons with a 2D defect in a solid. We show that the total
resonant reflection of the transverse phonon at the 2D defect, described
earlier without an account for dissipation, occurs only in the limit of
extremely weak dissipation and is changed into almost total transmission by
relatively weak bulk absorption. Anomalous surface absorption of the transverse
phonon, when one half of the incident acoustic energy is absorbed at the 2D
defect, is predicted for the case of "intermediate" bulk dissipation.Comment: 11 preprint pages, no figure
Damping of phase fluctuations in superfluid Bose gases
Using Popov's hydrodynamic approach we derive an effective Euclidean action
for the long-wavelength phase fluctuations of superfluid Bose gases in D
dimensions. We then use this action to calculate the damping of phase
fluctuations at zero temperature as a function of D. For D >1 and wavevectors |
k | << 2 mc (where m is the mass of the bosons and c is the sound velocity) we
find that the damping in units of the phonon energy E_k = c | k | is to leading
order gamma_k / E_k = A_D (k_0^D / 2 pi rho) (| k | / k_0)^{2 D -2}, where rho
is the boson density and k_0 =2 mc is the inverse healing length. For D -> 1
the numerical coefficient A_D vanishes and the damping is proportional to an
additional power of |k | /k_0; a self-consistent calculation yields in this
case gamma_k / E_k = 1.32 (k_0 / 2 pi rho)^{1/2} |k | / k_0. In one dimension,
we also calculate the entire spectral function of phase fluctuations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Nuclear matter at high density: Phase transitions, multiquark states, and supernova outbursts
Phase transition from hadronic matter to quark-gluon matter is discussed for
various regimes of temperature and baryon number density. For small and medium
densities, the phase transition is accurately described in the framework of the
Field Correlation Method, whereas at high density predictions are less certain
and leave room for the phenomenological models. We study formation of
multiquark states (MQS) at zero temperature and high density. Relevant MQS
components of the nuclear matter can be described using a previously developed
formalism of the quark compound bags (QCB).
Partial-wave analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering indicates the existence
of 6QS which manifest themselves as poles of -matrix. In the framework of
the QCB model, we formulate a self-consistent system of coupled equations for
the nucleon and 6QS propagators in nuclear matter and the G-matrix. The
approach provides a link between high-density nuclear matter with the MQS
components and the cumulative effect observed in reactions on the nuclei, which
requires the admixture of MQS in the wave functions of nuclei kinematically.
6QS determine the natural scale of the density for a possible phase
transition into the MQS phase of nuclear matter. Such a phase transition can
lead to dynamic instability of newly born protoneutron stars and dramatically
affect the dynamics of supernovae. Numerical simulations show that the phase
transition may be a good remedy for the triggering supernova explosions in the
spherically symmetric supernova models. A specific signature of the phase
transition is an additional neutrino peak in the neutrino light curve. For a
Galactic core-collapse supernova, such a peak could be resolved by the present
neutrino detectors. The possibility of extracting the parameters of the phase
of transition from observation of the neutrino signal is discussed also.Comment: 57 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables; RevTeX 4; submitted to Phys. Atom.
Nuc
Isolated tau leptons in events with large missing transverse momentum at HERA
A search for events containing isolated tau leptons and large missing
transverse momentum, not originating from the tau decay, has been performed
with the ZEUS detector at the electron-proton collider HERA, using 130 pb^-1 of
integrated luminosity. A search was made for isolated tracks coming from
hadronic tau decays. Observables based on the internal jet structure were
exploited to discriminate between tau decays and quark- or gluon-induced jets.
Three tau candidates were found, while 0.40 +0.12 -0.13 were expected from
Standard Model processes, such as charged current deep inelastic scattering and
single W-boson production. To search for heavy-particle decays, a more
restrictive selection was applied to isolate tau leptons produced together with
a hadronic final state with high transverse momentum. Two candidate events
survive, while 0.20 +-0.05 events are expected from Standard Model processes.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted by Phys. Lett. B. Updated
with minor changes to the text requested by the journal refere
Dijet production in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with large rapidity gaps at the ATLAS experiment
A 6.8 nb−¹ sample of pp collision data collected under low-luminosity conditions at √s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to study diffractive dijet production. Events containing at least two jets with pT > 20 GeV are selected and analysed in terms of variables which discriminate between diffractive and non-diffractive processes. Cross sections are measured differentially in ΔηF, the size of the observable forward region of pseudorapidity which is devoid of hadronic activity, and in an estimator, ξ˜, of the fractional momentum loss of the proton assuming single diffractive dissociation (pp → p X). Model comparisons indicate a dominant non-diffractive contribution up to moderately large ηF and small ξ˜, with a diffractive contribution which is significant at the highest ΔηF and the lowest ξ˜. The rapidity-gap survival probability is estimated from comparisons of the data in this latter region with predictions based on diffractive parton distribution functions
The use of multi-parameter analysis and fractal geometry for investigating the structure of the lunar surface
The problems related to the investigation of the lunar surface structure using the methods of multi-parameter analysis and fractal geometry were considered. In order to build a digital model of the lunar surface, we used the data from the Clementine, Kaguya, and LRO space missions. An electronic database of altimetry measurements was constructed. These measurements were confined to a single reference system by robust modeling. For the construction of the digital model, the altimetry satellite data were expanded into harmonic series of the spherical functions. After that, we used the developed model to determine fractal parameters and fractal similarity coefficients of the lunar surface structure and plotted diagrams of their distribution in monochromatic and color modes. The digital cartographic surface was analyzed by the method of fractal geometry aimed at assessing the fractal similarity coefficients and fractal dimensions. The digital model was transformed into a color map with regard to the color height scale. A method was developed to identify SRGB (Square, Red, Green, Blue) dimensions for the model of lunar surface. More than 150 SRGBs were analyzed, and color fractal parameters were found for them. The obtained results can be helpful for creating a global model of the lunar structure
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