Estruturação da implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental ISO 14001 no laboratório de análises de combustíveis automotivos da UFPR (LACAUT ETS)

Orientador: João Carlos da CunhaMonografia(Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Gestão da QualidadeResumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar um diagnóstico sobre o processo de Implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental no Laboratório de Análises de Combustíveis Automotivos - LACAUT ets, na Universidade Federal do Paraná, e uma proposta para que seja operacionalizado com vistas a uma certificação. Um sistema de gestão ambiental em um laboratório de universidade e mais do que a simples destinação adequada dos resíduos, que já está sendo executada, mas uma maneira integrada de gestão para atender todos os requisitos técnicos, ambientais, financeiros e de gestão, como em qualquer organização, além de ser um pólo de formação de profissionais de nível superior alinhados com as tendências mais recentes no que se refere aos princípios de sustentabilidade e interação saudável com o meio ambiente. Do diagnóstico realizado, percebe-se o atendimento de alguns dos requisitos básicos tais como a existência de um Programa de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos (PGRS), um Levantamento de Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais (LAIA) e um Programa de Controle Médico de Saúde Ocupacional (PCMSO), além de um Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais (PPRA) em implantação, assim como a instalação de infra-estrutura para tratamento de efluentes líquidos. Estas ações devem ser integradas com o sistema de gestão laboratorial existente para culminar numa certificação do Sistema de gestão Ambiental, conforme análise realizada no final do trabalho

BIOPROCESS APPLIED TO THE TREATMENT OF RESIDUAL WATERS OF COFFEE WET PROCESSING FOR THE INCORPORATION OF SELECTED YEAST STRAINS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar cepas de leveduras capazes de degradar a água de degomagem do beneficiamento úmido do café, caracterizando os metabólitos formados. A bebida preparada a partir de grãos tratados por via úmida é considerada de melhor qualidade quando comparada à elaborada com grãos tratados por via seca. No entanto, o alto potencial poluente da água residual do beneficiamento representa sério problema para o ambiente. A água de degomagem apresenta essencialmente contaminação orgânica, com taxas de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO) e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) superiores a 20.000 mgO2/L. Candida tropicalis, C. lypolitica, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilopsis, Kloeckera apiculata e Rhodotorula rubra, isoladas de cerejas de café, foram inoculadas em frascos contendo água de degomagem e esses, submetidos à agitação constante(120 rpm) por 48 horas, a 28oC. Candida parapsilopsis apresentou percentual de redução da taxa de DBO de 50,14% e de DQO de 29,81%, evidenciando a viabilidade do uso desses microrganismos como biodespoluentes. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BIOPROCESSO APLICADO AO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS DO BENEFICIAMENTO ÚMIDO DO CAFÉ PELA INCORPORAÇÃO DE LINHAGEM SELECIONADA DE LEVEDURAS Abstract The aim of the present work was to isolate yeast strains able to degrade the degumming water originated from the wet processing of coffee, characterizing the formed metabolites. The drink prepared from the treated grains by wet processing is considered of better quality when compared with the grains treated by dry process. However, the great polluent potential of the residual water from this processing represents serious concern for the environment. The degumming water essentially presents organic contamination, with Oxygen Biochemical Demand (OBD) and Oxygen Chemical Demand (OCD) rates superior to 20.000 mgO2/L. Candida tropicalis, C. lypolitica, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilopsis, Kloeckera apiculata e Rhodotorula rubra, isolated from coffee cheeries were inoculated in flasks containing the degumming water and then submitted to constant agitation (120 rpm) for 48 hours at 28ºC. The isolated species revealed capacity to degrade the substrate, however C.parapsilopsis showed reduction percentages of OBD and OCD rates of 50.14% e 29.81%, respectivelly, showing the viability of the use of those microorganisms as biological depollutants

GERAÇÃO DE RENDA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL EM COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA

A sustentabilidade de uma atividade econômica está associada à aceitação cultural, viabilidade econômica, justiça social e ao ecologicamente correto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a situação social da comunidade de Axixá do Tocantins, TO, Brasil, e seu potencial de gerar renda para propor uma atividade sustentável. As “quebradeiras de coco”, grupo de cultura local, apresenta uma situação social precária. Elas catam frutos do babaçu (Orbignya spp.) da região e retiram suas amêndoas com auxílio de machado e bastão de madeira. As amêndoas são torradas em chapas metálicas aquecidas, trituradas em pilão e cozidas em água para liberação do óleo. O óleo desprendido sobrenada e é retirado após o resfriamento do caldeirão, sendo comercializado a baixo custo no local. No entanto, um bom potencial de aumentar a renda de vários desses moradores é possível por meio da transferência de tecnologia de extração do óleo por prensagem a frio de babaçu, com o devido respeito àquela realidade sociocultural. Nesse sentido, uma ação de política pública afirmativa para instalação de uma microindústria química pode recuperar o investimento em cerca de três anos, considerando a produção de óleo extravirgem e condições mais favoráveis de sua comercialização, o que também garantirá a manutenção das matas desta palmeira

Pd-Impregnated activated carbon and treatment acid to remove sulfur and nitrogen from diesel

Removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from national commercial diesel through adsorption ontoactivated carbon was studied. Brazilian commercial activated carbon samples (AC) were modified by acidoxidation and, alternatively, were impregnated with palladium chloride. Modified carbon samples showed asignificant increase in the quantity of acid sites, particularly those AC submitted to impregnation withpalladium. Adsorption capacity of the carbon samples increased proportionally to the increase in the acidgroups. Adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon impregnated with palladium chloride was over 85%for nitrogen compounds and over 60% for sulfur compounds. The treatment studied was found to be anefficient option for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in commercial diesel, and thus itcould be an alternative pretreatment in the conventional hydrotreatment process

A Fingerprint of Source-specific Health Risk of PM2.5-bound Components Over A Coastal Industrial City

The influence of specific local land-use activities (continuously redistributing elements across environments) and environmental conditions (altering the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter) on the intrinsic health risk of PM2.5 exposure is sparsely reported. To fill this gap, we employed a novel integrated approach to address the influence of short-term changes in source-specific PM2.5 composition on the exposure-response risk, while controlling for weather conditions. We combine receptor-based source apportionment with conditional logistic regression in a space-time-stratified case-crossover design. This approach is different from previous studies as it: i) controls the impact of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution and human mobility using multilocation-specific fixed and disjointed space-time strata ii) addresses the spatial heterogeneity of personal exposure separating its variable effect from other predictors by allowing different baseline hazards for each space-time stratum; iii) aligns case/control periods with strong/regular episodes of source-specific PM-multipollutant fingerprint contributions rather than health outcomes. This enabled comprehensive examination of the association between source-specific PM2.5-bound species and cardiorespiratory disease hospitalizations. The epidemiological findings were that primary anthropogenic emissions [industrial (ORs 2.5 – 4.8)] were associated with higher 1-day moving average PM-induced risks. Natural-related sources [fresh / aged sea salt aerosol, dust, soil resuspension] and secondary sulfate formation were consistently associated with higher health risks (ORs 1.0 – 1.54) after 1 to 5-days since exposure. The results emphasize the importance of source-specific air quality management in complex areas and our research provides an adaptable universal tool to support targeted place-based policy interventions to mitigate air pollution impacts on health. Environmental Implications PM2.5 is a heterogeneous mixture of chemicals from multiple sources These fine particles can deeply penetrate the lungs when inhaled, causing a wide range of cardiorespiratory diseases. Their prolonged suspension in the air results in varying toxicity and hazards, influenced by local land use, and weather conditions that affect exposure risks. Our research uses a novel approach, combining receptor-based source apportionment with conditional logistic regression models. This innovative methodology elucidates the source-specific hazardous effects of PM2.5-bound species on human health, providing a valuable policy tool to mitigate the environmental and health risks posed by air pollutants

Pd-Impregnated activated carbon and treatment acid to remove sulfur and nitrogen from diesel

ABSTRACT Removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from national commercial diesel through adsorption onto activated carbon was studied. Brazilian commercial activated carbon samples (AC) were modified by acid oxidation and, alternatively, were impregnated with palladium chloride. Modified carbon samples showed a significant increase in the quantity of acid sites, particularly those AC submitted to impregnation with palladium. Adsorption capacity of the carbon samples increased proportionally to the increase in the acid groups. Adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon impregnated with palladium chloride was over 85% for nitrogen compounds and over 60% for sulfur compounds. The treatment studied was found to be an efficient option for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in commercial diesel, and thus it could be an alternative pretreatment in the conventional hydrotreatment process

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements