Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines

The goals of this study were to verify the occurrence of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC), formaldehyde and furfural) in sparkling wines and to evaluate, for the first time, whether the consumption of the samples under study could represent risk to consumers health. These compounds are electrophilic; and therefore, may covalently bind to DNA, which may result in mutagenicity. EC and formaldehyde were present at low levels (<1μg L-1) in all samples. Acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein were also found in low levels (<1.5, 1.4 and 1.0μg L-1, respectively) in 57, 71 and 76% of samples. In the other samples, levels of acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein ranged from 5.2 to 54.8, 10.5 to 41.0 and 20.3 to 36.7μg L-1, respectively. Furfuryl alcohol was also reported in all samples in levels from 10.4 to 33.5μg L-1. Acrolein was the only compound reported at levels sufficient to represent risk to health, which occurred in 24% of the samples. A study focused on the origin of acrolein deserves attention, investigating the influence of the concentration of precursors and the role of fermentation in the formation of this aldehyde, besides the evaluation of possible environmental contamination of grapes during cultivation.Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a ocorrência de álcool furfurílico (FA) e compostos carbonílicos (acetaldeído, acroleína, carbamato de etila (CE), formaldeído e furfural) em espumantes e avaliar, pela primeira vez, se o consumo das amostras em estudo poderia representar risco para a saúde do consumidor. Esses compostos são eletrofílicos e, portanto, podem se ligar covalentemente ao DNA, o que pode resultar em mutagenicidade. CE e formaldeído foram encontrados em baixos níveis (<1μg/L) em todas as amostras. Acetaldeído, furfural e acroleína também foram encontrados em baixos níveis (<1,5; 1,4 e 1,0μg L-1, respectivamente) em 57, 71 e 76% das amostras. Nas demais amostras, os níveis de acetaldeído, furfural e acroleína variaram de 5,2 a 54,8, 10,5 a 41,0 e 20,3 a 36,7μg L-1, respectivamente. O álcool furfurílico também foi encontrado em todas as amostras em níveis de 10,4 a 33,5μg L-1. A acroleína foi o único composto encontrado em níveis suficientes para representar risco à saúde, que ocorreu em 24% das amostras. Uma avaliação focada na origem da acroleína merece atenção, investigando a influência da concentração dos precursores e o papel da fermentação na formação do aldeído, além da avaliação da possível contaminação ambiental das uvas durante o cultivo

Otimização na extração de compostos bioativos presentes em casca de uva do município de Marialva-PR

A uva é uma das frutas convencionais mais produzidas e valorizadas no setor agrícola, por ser economicamente rentável e seu consumo estar associado a benefícios à saúde. São os compostos bioativos presentes na fruta, que apresentam efeito antioxidante, antimicrobiano, que previne câncer e retarda o envelhecimento precoce. No entanto, a concentração e composição desses compostos são dependentes de diversos fatores, como manejo do produtor, clima, solo. O município de Marialva-PR é o maior produtor de uva fina do estado do Paraná. A viticultura representa mais da metade da produção agrícola do município, sendo determinante para a economia, desenvolvimento e progresso da cidade. Reconhecendo a importância do cultivo da fruta para a região e os compostos bioativos para a alimentação humana, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar um planejamento para otimizar as extrações de compostos bioativos presentes na casca de uva da variedade Brasil, oriunda desse município. Para a avaliação da melhor condição de extração foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 23 com triplicata no ponto central. Os fatores proporção de solvente: água/álcool etílico, pH e concentração do substrato do meio extrator foram observados. O ponto ótimo para a extração ocorreu na proporção água/álcool etílico 60:40 (v/v) respectivamente, pH 2,0 e concentração 10g/L

Effects of soil and vineyard characteristics on volatile, phenolic composition and sensory profile of Cabernet Sauvignon wines of Campanha Gaúcha

The influence of vineyard on wines was evaluated for the first time using a broader analytical approach: sensory analyses and several analytical techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), GC flame ionization detection (FID), GC-olfactometry-Osme technique (GC-O-Osme), GC × GC-MS), taking into account odoriferous compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Sensory attributes were correlated to the concentration of volatiles and also to favorable climate/solar exposition, less clayey/lower organic matter soil, and lower vegetative growth of one out of five vineyards, C1. Among 30 coelutions in GC-MS, 12 involved some of the odoriferous volatiles and GC × GC-MS was required to elucidate their identities. Higher concentrations of ethyl propanoate and diacetyl (related with red fruits/aromatic intensity) and of acetoin (aroma of dry fruits, but coeluted with octanal in first dimension (1D), which presents green odor) were found in C1 wine. It was also correlated with positive appearance attributes, gustatory persistence, body, smell and taste harmony, as well as with higher concentrations of phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, and flavanols

Increasing mean age of head and neck cancer patients at a German tertiary referral center

Background: The impact of demographic change on the age at diagnosis in German head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is unclear. Here we present an evaluation of aging trends in HNC at a tertiary referral center. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on aging trends at the initial diagnosis of newly diagnosed patients with HNC between 2004 and 2018 at the head and neck cancer center Ulm in relation to demographic data of the catchment area. Results: The study population consisted of 2450 individuals diagnosed with HNC with a mean age of 62.84 (±11.67) years. We observed a significant increase in annual incidence rates and mean age over time. Mean age among HNC patients increased significantly more than among the population in the catchment area. Whereas the incidence rate of patients <50 years did not change, the incidence of HNC patients aged ≥70 years increased the most. The mean patient age in the main tumor sites increased significantly. Surprisingly, HPV-positive patients were not younger than HPV-negative patients, but showed a non-significant trend towards a higher mean age (63.0 vs. 60.7 years). Conclusions: Increasing incidence rates in older patients pose a challenge for health care systems. A nationwide study is needed to assess the dynamics and impact of aging on the incidence of HNC

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV