Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Macronutrients accumulation and growth of pineapple cultivars submitted to aluminum stress

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the growth and accumulation of macronutrients of two pineapple cultivars submitted to different concentrations of aluminum (Al). For this, a study was conducted in plastic pots containing 4 L of nutrient solution, in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two pineapple cultivars (‘IAC Fantástico’ and ‘Vitória’) and five Al concentrations (0, 21.6, 43.2, 64.8 and 86.4 mg of Al plant-1), with four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: root length, dry matter of root, stem and leaf, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll content and accumulation of macronutrients at 60 days after treatment. The cv. ‘Vitória’ showed a linear decrease in chlorophyll content, root dry matter, root length and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in most plant components promoted by the increase of Al concentration in the nutrient solution. The cv. ‘IAC Fantástico’ had lower total dry matter, stem dry matter, stem diameter and accumulation of N, Ca and Mg. However, the evaluated characteristics were not influenced by the increase of Al concentration, showing greater tolerance of this cultivar to Al in nutrient solution

Assemblage of immature Odonata (Insecta, Anisoptera) in streams of the Mato Grosso do Sul State: spatial implications

ABSTRACT This study investigated the assemblages attributes (composition, abundance, richness, diversity and evenness) and the most representative genera of Odonata, Anisoptera at Água Boa and Perobão Streams, Iguatemi River basin, Brazil. Both are first order streams with similar length that are impacted by riparian forest removal and silting. Quarterly samplings were conducted from March to December 2008 in the upper, intermediate and lower stretch of each stream. The Mantel test was used to check the influence of spatial autocorrelation on the Odonata composition. Spatial variations in the composition were summarized by the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) using Mantel test residuals. The effects of spatial correlation on richness and abundance were investigated by the spatial correlogram of Moranʼs I coefficients. The most representative genera in each stream were identified by the Indicator Value Method. The spatial variations in the attributes of the assemblages were assessed using analysis of variance of null models. We collected 500 immature individuals of 23 genera and three families. Among the attributes analyzed only the composition and abundance showed significant spatial differences, with the highest mean abundance found in the Perobão Stream. Miathyria and Zenithoptera were the indicator genera of the Água Boa Stream and Erythrodiplax, Libellula, Macrothemis, Progomphus and Tramea were the indicator genera of the Perobão Stream

Rendimento produtivo e econômico do feijão-caupi em função de doses de potássio Productive and economic yield of cowpea bean as a function of levels of potassium

O feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp], também conhecido como feijão-macassar, feijão-de-corda ou fradinho é uma das principais culturas do Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da adubação potássica sobre o rendimento produtivo e econômico do feijão-caupi, cultivar Pitiuba. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia (PB), em Neossolo Regolítico Psamítico típico, no período de julho a setembro de 2005. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1 de K2O) e quatro repetições. Cada parcela continha 40 plantas espaçadas de 0,80 m x 0,40 m. A produção máxima de vagens por planta (285 g) de grãos verdes (143 g) e de grãos secos (120 g) foram obtidas, respectivamente, com 160, 153 e 200 kg ha-1 de K2O. As doses de 210, 151 e 170 kg ha-1 de K2O, respectivamente, foram responsáveis pelas produtividades máximas de 4,18 t ha-1 de vagens, 3,48 t ha-1 de grãos verdes e de 1,89 t ha-1 de grãos secos. A dose de máxima eficiência econômica para a produtividade de grãos secos foi de 141 kg ha-1 de K2O, com produtividade de 1,87 t ha-1.<br>Cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] is one the main crops in the Northeast region of Brazil. With the objective of evaluating the effect of potassium fertilization on cowpea bean cv. Pitiúba, an experiment was carried out at Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia (PB), Brazil, on a Quartz Psamment soil, from July to September 2005. The experimental design was the randomized blocks, with six treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 K2O), and four replications. Each plot contained 40 plants spaced 0.80 m x 0.40 m. The maximum yield of pods per plant (285 g), green grains (143 g) and dry grains (120 g) were obtained with 160, 153 and 200 kg ha-1 K2O, respectively. The levels of 210, 151, and 170 kg ha-1 K2O were responsible for the maximum yields of 4.18 t ha-1 of pods, 3.48 t ha-1 of green grains, and 1.89 t ha-1 of dry grains, respectively. The maximum level of economical efficiency for the yield of dry grains was 141 kg ha-1 K2O, with a yield of 1.87 t ha-1