Luxación esternoclavicular posterior: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura

La luxación esternoclavicular posterior es una patología poco frecuente. Se presenta sobre todo en varones jóvenes asociada a traumatismos de alta energía. Puede presentar complicaciones potencialmente letales por compresión de estructuras mediastínicas, por lo que es necesario su reducción urgente. El diagnóstico radiográfico puede ser difícil debido a la superposición de estructuras, siendo de gran utilidad la TC para determinar el tipo y grado de desplazamiento, así como la relación anatómica con las estructuras mediastínicas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón, de 23 años de edad, que presentó una luxación esternoclavicular posterior traumática aguda tras accidente de tráfico en el que se consiguió la reducción cerrada mediante manipulación bajo anestesia general y posterior inmovilización antiálgica durante 3 semanas, sin objetivarse inestabilidad esternoclavicular posterior que obligase a más procedimientos. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura médica al respecto de esta patología.Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation is a rare disease. It occurs mainly in young men associated with high-energy trauma. It can be life-threatening due to compression of mediastinal structures, so its reduction is urgently needed. The radiographic diagnosis can be difficult because of overlapping structures, CT is very helpful to determine the type and degree of displacement and the anatomic relationship with the mediastinal structures. We present the case of a male patient, aged 23, with an acute traumatic posterior sternoclavicular dislocation after accident, in which closed reduction was achieved by manipulation under general anesthesia, followed by analgesic immobilization for 3 weeks resulting in sternoclavicular healing without instability, so no more procedures were needed. A literature review is presented regarding to this case

Lesiones en el manguito rotador tras luxación anterior de hombro en pacientes mayores de 40 años.

Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de la evolución de 32 luxaciones anteriores de hombro en pacientes de más de 40 años con el objetivo de establecer la incidencia, localización y tipo de rotura del manguito rotador a causa de la luxación, conocer evolución clínica y establecer los criterios clínicos que nos permitan sospechar una rotura del manguito rotador, sin necesidad de recurrir a resonancia magnética (RM) de entrada. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a estudio mediante RM, clasificando las lesiones observadas en cinco grados en función de la extensión de la rotura, siendo el grupo 1 la integridad del manguito. El 90% de los casos presentó una rotura del manguito rotador asociada a la luxación. Tras un periodo de rehabilitación se demostró una diferencia significativa en la recuperación de la abducción en los pacientes con manguito íntegro, siendo un signo clínico de importancia para valorar el estado del manguito rotador.A prospective study of the evolution of 32 anterior dislocations of the shoulder in patients older than forty years has been done with the objective of establishing the incidence, location and kind of tear caused by the dislocation, to know the evolution and to establish the clinical parameters that allow us to suspect an injury of the rotator cuff without the help of magnetic resonance (MR) in the beginning. All the patients were studied with MR, doing a classification of the tears in five degrees, depending on the extension of the tears, being the group 1 the integrity of the rotator cuff. In 90% of the cases a rotator cuff tear has been found to be associated with the dislocation. After the rehabilitation, a significative difference in the recovery of the abduction has been demonstrated in the patients with integrity of the rotator cuff, being an important clinical sign to know the state of the rotator cuff

Estimation of photovoltaic potential for electricity self-sufficiency: A study case of military facilities in northwest Spain

Renewable energies, including photovoltaic energy, are attracting widespread international attention, in reaction to worsening environmental problems and the diminishing long-term sustainability of fossil fuel energies. In this work, the potential benefits of installing photovoltaic panels on several buildings at the Spanish Naval Military School (Escuela Naval Militar, ENM) of Mar ın are considered. The two salient advantages are significant economic savings from the production and the sale of electricity to the Spanish Electricity Network and achieving selfsufficiency in electricity requirements. Consequently, the main objective of this work is to estimate the energy potential of photovoltaic installations on the roofs of the ENM buildings. This is the first time that a project of this nature and size is presented to the Spanish Navy. To that end, a three-dimensional geographic analysis of the buildings is performed using three freeware software: Trimble SketchUp, Skelion, and Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. An economic study is also conducted to determine the feasibility of the installations, by estimating the Net Present Value of the photovoltaic installation and the Internal Rate of Return associated with the project. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis that considers the most important parameters for the calculation of the amortization period is reported. The results show that the installation could fulfill the ENM electrical demands and could, in addition, generate significant economic benefits. The conclusions end with a recommendation to consider the merits of the proposed solution.Regional Government of Castilla y Le on (Ref. BU034U16), under European Regional Development Fund, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under the IþD þ i state programme Challenges for the Society (Ref. ENE-2014-54601-R). One of the authors, David Gonz alez Pe~na, thanks Junta de Castilla-Le on for economic support (PIRTU Program, ORDEN EDU/301/2015

Inhibitory effects of pharmacological doses of melatonin on aromatase activity and expression in rat glioma cells

Melatonin exerts oncostatic effects on different kinds of neoplasias, especially on oestrogen-dependent tumours. Recently, it has been described that melatonin, on the basis of its antioxidant properties, inhibits the growth of glioma cells. Glioma cells express oestrogen receptors and have the ability to synthesise oestrogens from androgens. In the present study, we demonstrate that pharmacological concentrations of melatonin decreases the growth of C6 glioma cells and reduces the local biosynthesis of oestrogens, through the inhibition of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens. These results are supported by three types of evidence. Firstly, melatonin counteracts the growth stimulatory effects of testosterone on glioma cells, which is dependent on the local synthesis of oestrogens from testosterone. Secondly, we found that melatonin reduces the aromatase activity of C6 cells, measured by the tritiated water release assay. Finally, by (RT)–PCR, we found that melatonin downregulates aromatase mRNA steady-state levels in these glioma cells. We conclude that melatonin inhibits the local production of oestrogens decreasing aromatase activity and expression. By analogy to the implications of aromatase in other forms of oestrogen-sensitive tumours, it is conceivable that the modulation of the aromatase by pharmacological melatonin may play a role in the growth of glioblastomas

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Models of the strongly lensed quasar DES J0408−5354

We present detailed modelling of the recently discovered, quadruply lensed quasar J0408−5354, with the aim of interpreting its remarkable configuration: besides three quasar images (A,B,D) around the main deflector (G1), a fourth image (C) is significantly reddened and dimmed by a perturber (G2) which is not detected in the Dark Energy Survey imaging data. From lens models incorporating (dust-corrected) flux ratios, we find a perturber Einstein radius 0.04 arcsec ≲ RE, G2 ≲ 0.2 arcsec and enclosed mass Mp(RE, G2) ≲ 1.0 × 1010 M⊙. The main deflector has stellar mass log10(M⋆/M⊙)=11.49+0.46−0.32, a projected mass Mp(RE, G1) ≈ 6 × 1011M within its Einstein radius RE, G1 = (1.85 ± 0.15) arcsec and predicted velocity dispersion 267–280 km s−1. Follow-up images from a companion monitoring campaign show additional components, including a candidate second source at a redshift between the quasar and G1. Models with free perturbers, and dust-corrected and delay-corrected flux ratios, are also explored. The predicted time-delays (ΔtAB = (135.0 ± 12.6) d, ΔtBD = (21.0 ± 3.5) d) roughly agree with those measured, but better imaging is required for proper modelling and comparison. We also discuss some lessons learnt from J0408−5354  on lensed quasar finding strategies, due to its chromaticity and morphology

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands