BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

Introduction: In daily life biological systems are usually exposed to magnetic field forces at different intensities and frequencies, either directly or indirectly. Despite negative results, the therapeutic use of the low dose magnetic field has been found in recent studies. The effect of magnetic field forces on cochlear cells is not clear in the literature. Objective: In our study, we first applied in vivo pulsed magnetic fields to laboratory rats to investigate the effects on cochlea with distortion product otoacoustic emission test followed by histopathological examinations. Methods: Twelve rats were included in this study, separated into two groups as study group and control group. The rats in the study group were exposed to 40 Hz pulsed magnetic field for 1 h/day for 30 days; the hearing of the rats was controlled by otoacoustic emission test. Also, their cochleas were removed and histochemical examination was performed by Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and TUNEL methods. Results: A statistically significant difference was determined (p < 0.05) when the hearing thresholds of the groups obtained by using 5714 Hz and 8000 Hz stimuli were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. A significant reaction was observed in the study group, especially in the outer ciliated cells during immunohistochemical examinations by using Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 methods. A significantly positive difference was determined in the study group, especially at the outer ciliated cells and the support cells of the corti organ, when compared to the control group (p < 0.05) by the TUNEL method. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the very low dose magnetic field, which is considered to be used for therapeutic purposes recently, can cause both auditory function defects and histopathologic damage in cochlear cells. (C) 2018 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda

Extraction of high-value lipids and phenolic compounds from sorghum bran via a sequential supercritical carbon dioxide approach

Sorghum bran, containing high-value lipids and phenolic compounds, is an underutilized food processing byproduct. This study developed and optimized a green method based on a sequential pure supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO2) and ethanol/water-modified SC–CO2 extraction to extract wax-rich lipids and phenolic compounds from sorghum bran in a single step. The extraction conditions, namely, temperature (20–100 °C), pressure (20–40 MPa), extraction time (0.5–5 h), and cosolvent type (ethanol or ethanol–water), were optimized for the highest wax-rich lipids and phenolics extraction yields. In the first part, neat SC–CO2 at 40 MPa and 60 °C resulted in the highest lipid yield (6.2%, w/w dry basis), which contained ∼5% (w/w) high-melting point waxes. The purified wax fractions containing phytosterols showed high melting points of 57–87 °C. In the second part, the highest total phenolics and flavonoids yields were achieved at 40 MPa and 40 °C via 15% (w/w) ethanol–water (1:1, v/v) modified SC–CO2 by 150 ± 3 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of bran (dry basis) and 99.6 ± 4 mg of catechin equivalent (CAE)/100 g of bran (dry basis), respectively. Overall, this study provides a novel single-step extraction approach based on SC–CO2 to extract and fractionate lipids and phenolic compounds from sorghum bran

Proximal femoral fracture surgery in a patient with osteopetrosis tarda: complications and treatment strategy

Fırat Seyfettinoglu,&nbsp;&Uuml;mit Tuhanioğlu,&nbsp;Hasan Ulas Ogur,&nbsp;Hakan Cicek Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Adana Numune Training&nbsp;and Educational Hospital,&nbsp;Adana, Turkey Abstract: Osteopetrosis is a rare, inherited disease characterized by defects in osteoclastic function that results in defective bone resorption. When fractures are encountered, fixation is extremely difficult. Osteopetrosis patients have an increased predisposition to infection. If infection develops after a fracture, treatment is more difficult. In this paper, treatment is presented of a 49-year old female to whom proximal femoral nailing was applied for fixation of an osteopetrotic proximal femur fracture; and when it was unsuccessful, revision was made with a locked anatomic plate, which subsequently led to development of infection. Keywords: osteopetrosis, proximal femoral fracture, infectio

Giant Hypopharyngeal Fibrovascular Polyp: A Case Report and Review of the Relevant Literature

Fibrovascular polyps occur most commonly in the cervical esophagus and are extremely rare in the hypopharynx. In this paper, we report a case of fibrovascular polyp of a 52-year-old female, who presented with progressive dysphagia and weight loss and regurgitating a mass from her mouth. By the endoscopic examination, a polyp covered by normal mucosa with a wide stalk was detected at the hypopharynx. The pedicle of the mass was identified under general anesthesia and the 13 × 3 × 2 cm mass was completely resected perorally. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed oedematous subepithelial fibrous stroma, surrounded by squamous epithelium and containing many congested vascular structures. No recurrence was detected over one year of follow-up. This case highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of this rare entity and to develop the best approach to patient management

A Rare Cause Of Unilateral Chronic Nasal Obstruction: Fibrous Dysplasia of The Middle Turbinate

Fibrous dysplasia is a nonneoplastic fibro-osseous lesion characterized by fibroblastic proliferation and progressive replacement of normal bone with fibrotic tissue and disorganised bony trabeculae.Fibrous dysplasia infrequently occurs in the sinonasal tract. Location in the middle turbinate is extremely rare. It is usually asymptomatic but, in the advanced stage, nasal obstruction due to extension of disease and pain due to neural compression, or pathological fractures may occur. It is usually secondary to extension of disease from adjacent bones. In this case report we presented a 54 year old woman with unilateral chronic nasal obstruction [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(Suppl 1): 106-111

Comparison of anterior palatoplasty and uvulopalatal flap placement for treating mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea

WOS: 000428092600008PubMed: 29554400We prospectively compared the efficacy of anterior palatoplasty and the uvulopalatal flap procedure for the treatment of patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Our study group was made up of 45 patients who had been randomly assigned to undergo one of the two procedures. Palatoplasty was performed on 22 patients-12 men and 10 women, aged 28 to 49 years (mean: 39.2)-and the flap procedure was performed on 23 patients-14 men and 9 women, aged 28 to 56 years (mean: 41.3). Our primary outcomes measure was the difference in pre- and postoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as determined by polysomnography at 6 months after surgery. Surgical success was observed in 18 of the 22 palatoplasty patients (81.8%) and in 19 of the 23 flap patients (82.6%). Compared with the preoperative values, mean AHIs declined from 17.5 to 8.1 in the former group and from 18.5 to 8.6 in the latter; the improvement in both groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In addition, significant postoperative improvements in both groups were seen in mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores for snoring, in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index values, and in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (p < 0.001 for all). VAS scores for pain at rest were significantly lower in the palatoplasty group than in the flap group at 2, 4, and 8 hours post-operatively and on postoperative days 4 through 7 (p < 0.002). Likewise, VAS scores for pain during swallowing were significantly lower in the palatoplasty group at 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours and on days 4 through 7 (p < 0.009). We conclude that both anterior palatoplasty and uvulopalatal flap procedures are effective for the treatment of mild and moderate OSAS in patients with retropalatal obstruction. However, our comparison of postoperative pain scores revealed that anterior palatoplasty was associated with significantly less morbidity

Carotico-vertebral Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Idiopathic Vertigo

gorgulu, orhan/0000-0001-6566-843XWOS: 000472025700011PubMed: 32008559Background: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between carotico-vertebral Doppler USG measurement results and Vertigo Symptom Scale-Short Form (VSS-SF) in patients with idiopathic vertigo. Methods: Fifty patients with idiopathic vertigo and 30 healthy subjects were included into the study. Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) examination, audiological examination, routine hemogram, bio-chemichal tests and temporal magnetic resonance imaging were performed to diagnose "idiopathic vertigo". By carotico-vertebral Doppler ultrasonography (USG), common carotid artery (CCA) area, intima media thickness; and vertebral artery dimension were measured on the right and left side of the study and control groups. Results: CCA area values were not different between the study and control groups; and between the right and left sides of the each group. On the left side, intima media thickness and vertebral artery dimension values of the vertigo group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Correlation tests showed that CCA area and intima media thickness values on the right and left side were positively correlated with each other. Moreover, in patients with higher right; or left intima media thickness values, left vertebral artery dimensions decreased. Older age was associated with higher intima media thickness in right and left sides. When CCA values decreased on the right side, VSS-SF values increased; and patients' complaints for vertigo got higher. Linear regression analysis (Backward LID) results also showed that the significant compounding factor on VSS-SF was right CCA area. As right CCA area decreased, VSS-SF increased with more vertigo complaints. Whereas, vertigo complaints and VSS-SF decreased when right CCA increased. Conclusion: We concluded that a decrease in the right CCA were linked with higher VSS-SF scores and increasing vertigo symptoms. Whereas, a decrease in the left CCA area and left crabial blood supply are more important related to the left hemispheric dominance in right-handed people. Moreover, an increase in the intima media thickness was also detected in the vertigo patients and it probably causes a decrease in the central blood flow

The effect of very low dose pulsed magnetic waves on cochlea

WOS: 000470087100004PubMed ID: 30583943Introduction: In daily life biological systems are usually exposed to magnetic field forces at different intensities and frequencies, either directly or indirectly. Despite negative results, the therapeutic use of the low dose magnetic field has been found in recent studies. The effect of magnetic field forces on cochlear cells is not clear in the literature. Objective: In our study, we first applied in vivo pulsed magnetic fields to laboratory rats to investigate the effects on cochlea with distortion product otoacoustic emission test followed by histopathological examinations. Methods: Twelve rats were included in this study, separated into two groups as study group and control group. The rats in the study group were exposed to 40 Hz pulsed magnetic field for 1 h/day for 30 days; the hearing of the rats was controlled by otoacoustic emission test. Also, their cochleas were removed and histochemical examination was performed by Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and TUNEL methods. Results: A statistically significant difference was determined (p < 0.05) when the hearing thresholds of the groups obtained by using 5714 Hz and 8000 Hz stimuli were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. A significant reaction was observed in the study group, especially in the outer ciliated cells during immunohistochemical examinations by using Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 methods. A significantly positive difference was determined in the study group, especially at the outer ciliated cells and the support cells of the corti organ, when compared to the control group (p < 0.05) by the TUNEL method. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the very low dose magnetic field, which is considered to be used for therapeutic purposes recently, can cause both auditory function defects and histopathologic damage in cochlear cells. (C) 2018 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda