1,762 research outputs found
DFT Study of Nitroxide Radicals. 1. Effects of solvent on structural and electronic characteristics of 4-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-N-oxyl
Imidazoline-based nitroxide radicals are often used as spin probes for medium
acidity and polarity in different systems. In this work, using the density
functional theory (DFT) approach, we have studied how physico-chemical
characteristics (geometry, atomic charges and electron spin density
distribution) of pH-sensitive spin label
4-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-N-oxyl (ATI) depend on protonation
and aqueous surroundings. Our calculations demonstrate that ATI protonation
should occur at the nitrogen atom of the imidazoline ring rather than at the
amino group. Protonation of ATI leads to a decrease in a spin density on the
nitrogen atom of the nitroxide fragment >N-O. For simulation of ATI hydration
effects, we have constructed a water shell around a spin label molecule by
means of gradual (step-by-step) surrounding of ATI with water molecules (n =
2-41). Calculated spin density on the nitrogen atom of the nitroxide fragment
increased with an extension of a water shell around ATI. Both protonation and
hydration of ATI caused certain changes in calculated geometric parameters
(bond lengths and valence angles). Investigating how structural and energy
parameters of a system ATI-(H2O)n depend on a number of surrounding water
molecules, we came to the conclusion that a hydrogen-bonded cluster of n
≥ 41 water molecules could be considered as an appropriate model for
simulation of ATI hydration effects.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures, 6 table
Superoxide radical production by sponges Sycon sp.
AbstractUsing the catechol Tiron as an O−⋅2 scavenger, we showed that sea sponges (Sycon sp.) produce superoxide radicals in sea water at a high rate without any stimuli added. The rate of O−⋅2 outflow from sponges to their water surroundings reaches a value of 0.5 nmol/min per sponge at pH 6.5. The generation of O−⋅2 was inhibited by Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, and restored by the addition of KCN. We also confirmed the abiotic production of O−⋅2 in sea water, detected earlier with a different method by Petasne and Zika [Nature 325 (1987) 516–518]
Measurement and structure of spiral wave response functions
The rotating spiral waves that emerge in diverse natural and man-made systems typically exhibit a particle-like behaviour since their adjoint critical eigenmodes (response functions) are often seen to be localised around the spiral core. We present a simple method to numerically compute response functions for circular-core and meandering spirals by recording their drift response to many elementary perturbations. Although our method is computationally more expensive than solving the adjoint system, our technique is fully parallellisable, does not suffer from memory limitations and can be applied to experiments. For a cardiac tissue model with the linear spiral core, we find that the response functions are localised near the turning points of the trajectory
Fluctuation conductivity in disordered superconducting films
We study the effect of superconducting fluctuations on the longitudinal and
the transverse (Hall) conductivity in homogeneously disordered films. Our
calculation is based on the Usadel equation in the real-time formulation. We
adjust this approach to derive analytic expressions for the fluctuation
corrections in the entire metallic part of the temperature-magnetic field phase
diagram, including the effects of both classical and quantum fluctuations. This
method allows us to obtain fluctuation corrections in a compact and effective
way, establishing a direct connection between phenomenological and microscopic
calculations
New records of Holocene polar bear and walrus (Carnivora) in the Russian Arctic
This article discusses recent finds of Holocene polar bear and walrus from the northern regions of Russia. The ulna of a polar bear was found on Vaygach Island and radiocarbon dated to 1,971 +/- 25 BP (OxA-23631). This calibrates to 430-540 AD, taking into account the marine reservoir effect. The size of the bone is similar to that of a recent Ursus maritimus. The locality of the fossil bone is within the modern species range, which developed about two millennia ago. In 2014 a walrus tusk was found on the coast of New Siberia Island and is radiocarbon dated to 5,065 +/- 35 BP (GrA-62452). This calibrates to 3,510-3,370 BC, taking into account the marine reservoir effect. Its size and morphology are identical to that of an adult male of the subspecies Odobenus rosmarus laptevi. This subspecies populates the eastern parts of the Kara Sea, the entire Laptev Sea and the western parts of the East Siberian Sea. This new discovery could mean that populations of O. rosmarus laptevi inhabited the waters near the New Siberian Islands during the Middle Holocene, and that the present-day coastline of the Siberian Arctic Islands was already formed at that time
Regularized energy-dependent solar flare hard x-ray spectral index
The deduction from solar flare X-ray photon spectroscopic data of the energy
dependent model-independent spectral index is considered as an inverse problem.
Using the well developed regularization approach we analyze the energy
dependency of spectral index for a high resolution energy spectrum provided by
Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The regularization
technique produces much smoother derivatives while avoiding additional errors
typical of finite differences. It is shown that observations imply a spectral
index varying significantly with energy, in a way that also varies with time as
the flare progresses. The implications of these findings are discussed in the
solar flare context.Comment: 13 pages; 5 figures, Solar Physics in pres
Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is
derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the
calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and
compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at
centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009
and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter
response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged
pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo
predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by
propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles
to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3%
for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table,
submitted to European Physical Journal
Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30
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