オンガク エンソウ ニオケル ヒョウゲン ツイキュウ プロセス ニツイテ ノ ケンキュウ : エンソウカ エノ インタビュー エンソウ シミュレーション チョウサ カラ

This study involved an investigation of the process for pursuing expressions for playing a musical piece. Two musicians were interviewed about how they pursued expressions of a musical piece ; additionally, they simulated this process for the researcher. Accordingly, the findings of the study are revealed. Pursuing the expression for playing a musical piece occurs in two phases. In the first phase, musicians examine the outline of a musical piece and acquire bodily wisdom and insight for playing it. The goal of this phase is to play the piece fluently without notes, although the aim is not only to develop solutions to technical problems. In this phase, musicians comprehend the structure of the piece and develop tastes and fascinations for it by repeatedly playing the piece. These foundations prepare musicians for the next phase. In the second phase, musicians pursue satisfactory expressions of the piece using various sound images and technical skills. Leads for the pursuit are the results of analyzing the piece, taste preferences and fascinations associated with the piece, the message of the composer, performances of others(CDs)，reflections on their own recorded performances, and observations from repetitions of the music. These elements are intertwined in a complicated manner and synthesized in the minds of the musicians until they are finally satisfied with their expressions. It is not a logical process ; rather, it is based on musicians’ aesthetic senses or feelings. In addition, a satisfactory expression is not a fixed goal. It changes constantly. The process of pursuing an expression for playing a musical piece differs from the process employed in intellectual thinking based on knowledge of the written word. Musical expression reflects bodily wisdom, judgements based on aesthetic senses or feelings, complexity, synthesis, and variability. The findings of this investigation have led to two suggestions for music education in primary and secondary schools. First, the importance of bodily wisdom should be emphasized ; in other words, playing fluently without notes and having sound images and techniques for achieving them are important skills. It is true that acquiring bodily wisdom takes a long time, and music education in schools does not provide enough time for that. However, underrating the importance of such wisdom may make the pursuit of musical expression difficult, as it is the foundation for this pursuit. Second, the complexity, synthesis, and variability of the process of this pursuit should be acknowledged. The process of finding satisfactory expressions cannot be explained by a single causal relationship. Musicians’ satisfactory expressions come from the synthesis of their many experiences, sound images, senses, and feelings. An idea regarding an expression typically flashes into a musician’s mind in the process of the pursuit. Therefore, students should not be instructed to explain their expressions logically, an approach that differs from what is mostly observed in music education in many primary and secondary schools

Definición de una arquitectura de referencia para plataformas de servicios de datos

Big Data se refiere a conjuntos de datos cuyo volumen, velocidad y variedad dificultan su captura, gestión y procesamiento mediante tecnologías y herramientas convencionales. Este concepto ha generado nuevas necesidades en las organizaciones para permitir la captura, almacenamiento y análisis de datos con estas características y así obtener información relevante para la toma de decisiones. Un reto para las organizaciones es la implementación de una arquitectura que permita cubrir estas necesidades, ya que deben considerar las diferentes tecnologías existentes y deben establecer las políticas para el gobierno de datos que están en manos de los usuarios. Una arquitectura de referencia de una plataforma de analítica de datos, que se desvincule de herramientas tecnológicas es una guía que le permite a las organizaciones trazar un camino para lograr la gestión de grandes volúmenes de datos y así tener herramientas efectivas para la toma de decisiones empresariales. La arquitectura de referencia es lo suficientemente general como para implementarse con diferentes tecnologías, paradigmas informáticos y software analítico, dependiendo de los requisitos y propósitos de cada organización. En el proyecto desarrollado se realizó la implementación de la arquitectura con datos de la atención de urgencias en centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de Medellín. Uno de los resultados del trabajo de investigación es que la arquitectura propuesta considera diferentes tipos de usuario y de fuentes de datos, no genera dependencia por el tipo de herramientas tecnológica que se utilizan y establece una capa para el gobierno de datos.Big Data refers to data set whose volume, velocity, and variety make it difficult to capture, manage and process using conventional technologies and tools. This concept is generating new needs in organizations to allow the capture, storage, and analysis of data with these characteristics and thus obtain relevant information for decision-making. A challenge for organizations is the implementation of an architecture that covers these needs, since they must consider the different existing technologies and must establish the policies for data governance that will be available to users. A reference architecture of a data analytics platform that is capable of decoupling from technological tools will be a guide that will allow organizations to define a path to achieve the management of these data and thus have effective tools for make decisions in the company. The reference architecture is general enough to be implemented with different technologies, computing paradigms and analytical software, depending on the requirements and purposes of each organization. In the developed project, the architecture was implemented with data from emergency care in hospitals in the Medellín city. One of the results of the research work is that the proposed architecture considers different types of user and data sources, does not generate dependency due to the type of technological tools used and establishes a layer for data governance.Magíster en Ingeniería de SoftwareMaestrí

Implications of the BATTERY 2030+ AI-Assisted Toolkit on Future Low-TRL Battery Discoveries and Chemistries

Funder: Swedish national Strategic e‐Science programmeFunder: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659BATTERY 2030+ targets the development of a chemistry neutral platform for accelerating the development of new sustainable high-performance batteries. Here, a description is given of how the AI-assisted toolkits and methodologies developed in BATTERY 2030+ can be transferred and applied to representative examples of future battery chemistries, materials, and concepts. This perspective highlights some of the main scientific and technological challenges facing emerging low-technology readiness level (TRL) battery chemistries and concepts, and specifically how the AI-assisted toolkit developed within BIG-MAP and other BATTERY 2030+ projects can be applied to resolve these. The methodological perspectives and challenges in areas like predictive long time- and length-scale simulations of multi-species systems, dynamic processes at battery interfaces, deep learned multi-scaling and explainable AI, as well as AI-assisted materials characterization, self-driving labs, closed-loop optimization, and AI for advanced sensing and self-healing are introduced. A description is given of tools and modules can be transferred to be applied to a select set of emerging low-TRL battery chemistries and concepts covering multivalent anodes, metal-sulfur/oxygen systems, non-crystalline, nano-structured and disordered systems, organic battery materials, and bulk vs. interface-limited batteries

Business models in rail infrastructure: explaining innovation

Policy decisions about the UK railway industry often draw on models and frameworks that treat technology and organisational processes as static and unchanging. As a result, policy makers often have limited understanding of how changes in policy will influence organisational knowledge, learning and the allocation of risk that subsequently affects innovation and system development. This paper applies a business model lens, focused on the mechanisms firms use to create and capture value, to connect policy decisions to subsequent changes in the organisation and industrial structure of the UK railway sector. By analysing innovation-related activity across several different governance structures, the paper highlights how policy impacts in network-based infrastructure sectors are mediated by business strategy, sometimes leading to unintended outcomes. The findings suggest that policy to improve the performance should focus upon coordination rather than just ownership. The application of a business model approach to complement existing economic and policy models in system analysis for policy decisions is advocated

<i>Gaia</i> Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues – a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) – and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of ∼3000 Cepheid and RR-Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr−1 for the proper motions. A systematic component of ∼0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ∼94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr−1. For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is ∼10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ∼0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data

Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. DESIGN: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. METHODS: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1-10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. RESULTS: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and -1.2 (IQR: -2.3 to -0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21-1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than -3 compared with HAZ at least -1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than -1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least -1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least -1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. CONCLUSION: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least -1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age

Antigenic Proteins Involved in Occupational Rhinitis 1 and Asthma Caused by Obeche Wood (Triplochiton Scleroxylon)

Background Obeche wood dust is a known cause of occupational asthma where an IgE-mediated mechanism has been demonstrated. Objective To characterize the allergenic profile of obeche wood dust and evaluate the reactivity of the proteins by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays in carpenters with confirmed rhinitis and/or asthma Materials and methods An in-house obeche extract was obtained, and two IgE binding bands were purified (24 and 12 kDa) and sequenced by N-terminal identity. Specific IgE and IgG, basophil activation tests and skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed with whole extract and purified proteins. CCD binding was analyzed by ELISA inhibition studies. Results Sixty-two subjects participated: 12 with confirmed occupational asthma/rhinitis (ORA+), 40 asymptomatic exposed (ORA−), and 10 controls. Of the confirmed subjects, 83% had a positive SPT to obeche. There was a 100% recognition by ELISA in symptomatic subjects vs. 30% and 10% in asymptomatic exposed subjects and controls respectively (p<0.05). Two new proteins were purified, a 24 kDa protein identified as a putative thaumatin-like protein and a 12 kDa gamma-expansin. Both showed allergenic activity in vitro, with the putative thaumatin being the most active, with 92% recognition by ELISA and 100% by basophil activation test in ORA+ subjects. Cross-reactivity due to CCD was ruled out in 82% of cases. Conclusions Two proteins of obeche wood were identified and were recognized by a high percentage of symptomatic subjects and by a small proportion of asymptomatic exposed subjects. Further studies are required to evaluate cross reactivity with other plant allergens

Identification and Characterisation of Pseudomonas 16S Ribosomal DNA from Ileal Biopsies of Children with Crohn's Disease

Molecular analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes has made a significant contribution to the identification and characterisation of bacterial flora in the human gut. In particular, this methodology has helped characterise bacterial families implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study we have used a genus specific bacterial 16S PCR to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Pseudomonas species derived from the ileum of children with Crohn's disease (CD), and from control children with non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) undergoing their initial endoscopic examination. Fifty eight percent of CD patients (18/32) were positive using the Pseudomonas PCR, while significantly fewer children in the non-IBD group, 33% (12/36), were PCR positive for Pseudomonas (p<0.05, Fischer's exact test). Pseudomonas specific 16S PCR products from 13 CD and 12 non-IBD children were cloned and sequenced. Five hundred and eighty one sequences were generated and used for the comparative analysis of Pseudomonas diversity between CD and non-IBD patients. Pseudomonas species were less diverse in CD patients compared with non-IBD patients. In particular P.aeruginosa was only identified in non-IBD patients