The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

ERKEN VE ORTA ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDE ÇOCUĞU OLAN TÜRKİYELİ EBEVEYNLERDE ANNE VE BABANIN KONTROL DAVRANIŞININ NİTEL İNCELENMESİ

Parental Psychological Control (PPC) is generally associated with adverse developmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence in Western cultures. However recent theories and studies suggest that these effects might differ across cultures since PPC may not be perceived as a negative parenting behavior collectivistic cultures. There is a need for an in-dept qualitative examination of PPC to better understand its cultural dynamics in Turkish cultural context. The current thesis aims to investigate the prevalence of four commonly known PPC strategies; overprotection, invalidating feelings, guilt induction and love withdrawal among a sample of Turkish parents. In addition, potentially culture specific PPC strategies were investigated using the qualitative data. The results showed that overprotection and invalidating feelings were more common PPT behaviors among Turkish parents. However, it was seen that love withdrawal and guilt induction were significantly correlated. Further analysis on the demographic characteristics have revealed that boys experienced significantly more PPC compared to girls and PPC was the most commonly applied to children between the ages of 7-12. Qualitative analysis suggested that certain PPC strategies are necessary and healthy by parents supporting the cultural approach. Finally, three novel PPC strategies were observed and described as manipulative control, conditional perfectionism and threat of social exclusion in Turkish culture. Implications of both common and culture specific PPC strategies are discussed.Ebeveyn Psikolojik Kontrolü (PPC) genellikle Batı kültürlerinde çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemindeki olumsuz gelişimsel sonuçlarla ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte, son teoriler ve araştırmalar, bu etkilerin kültürler arasında farklılık gösterebileceğini, çünkü PPC'nin kolektivistik kültürlerde olumsuz bir ebeveynlik davranışı olarak algılanmayabileceğini ileri sürülmüştür. Türk kültürel bağlamında kültürel dinamiklerini daha iyi anlamak için PPC’nin derinlemesine niteliksel incelemesine ihtiyaç vardır. Mevcut tez, yaygın olarak bilinen dört PPC stratejisinin yaygınlığını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır; Türk ebeveynler arasında aşırı koruma, duyguları geçersiz kılma, suçluluk indüksiyonu ve sevgiyi geri çekme. Ek olarak, potansiyel olarak kültüre özgü PPC stratejileri nitel veriler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, aşırı korumacı olma ve duyguları geçersiz kılmanın Türk ebeveynler arasında daha yaygın PPT davranışları olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, sevgiyi geri çekme ve suçluluk indüksiyonunun anlamlı ölçüde ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Demografik özelliklerle ilgili daha fazla analiz, erkeklerin kızlara kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha fazla PPC yaşadığını ve PPC'nin 7-12 yaş arasındaki çocuklara en yaygın şekilde uygulandığını ortaya koymuştur. Nitel analiz, kültürel yaklaşımı destekleyen ebeveynler tarafından belirli PPC stratejilerinin gerekli ve sağlıklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Son olarak, Türk kültüründe üç yeni PPC stratejisi gözlemlenmiştir ve manipülatif kontrol, koşullu mükemmeliyetçilik ve sosyal dışlanma tehdidi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hem yaygın hem de kültüre özgü PPC stratejilerinin etkileri tartışılmaktadır.M.S. - Master of Scienc

PW 1678 Traffic safety climate: the relationship with driving skills and traffic system resilience

Road traffic injuries are one of the most important public health problems both in Turkey and all over the world. Traffic system involves many agents from a micro level, such as drivers, to a macro level, such as traffic climate. Traffic system resilience and driving skills are crucial factors that determine the road traffic accidents and their outcomes like road traffic injuries; in addition to being related to the development of sustainable and safer road traffic system. With respect to those facts, in this study it was aimed to investigate traffic system resilience and driving skills in relation to traffic safety climate. For this purpose, 323 drivers (177 female, 146 male), between the ages of 19 and 57 (M =28.56, SD =8.96), participated into the study. Participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic information form, Driving Skills Inventory, Traffic Climate Scale, and Traffic System Resilience Questionnaire which was adapted to traffic settings by the researchers of the current study. The questionnaire data was analyzed by using hierarchical regression analyses. The results showed that resilient traffic systems were found to be less externally demanding and more functional. Moreover, driving skills, especially safety skills, were found to be an important factor with respect to traffic safety climate. Overall, the results show that traffic system resilience and driving skills are important factors for safer traffic climate. In this study, traffic system resilience was evaluated by the perception of drivers and its relationships between driving skills and traffic safety climate were evidenced for the first time in the literature. Implication of the results will be discussed by focusing on the ways the findings could be used to improve traffic safety

Dark personality and road crashes: mediating role of driver vengeance and violations

Aggressive driving and road rage are increasingly leading to Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC), especially in the developing countries. Considering that malevolent personality characteristics, such as dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) create a tendency for vengeful and aggressive driving, we examined the power of personality variables in predicting MVC. Specifically, using Contextual Mediated Model (Sümer, 2003), we tested a double mediation model in which driving anger and vengeance mediate the relationships between personality characteristics (Big Five Traits and Dark Triad) and driving violations, and in turn, driving violations mediate the link between driving anger/vengeance and risky driving outcomes (MVC and traffic tickets). Turkish drivers (N = 485, female = %51) completed the measures of personality, aberrant driving behaviors, vengeance, and driving anger. Results of path analyses revealed that whereas narcissism and neuroticism are the critical predictors for aggressive driving Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of driving vengeance. Moreover, Machiavellianism both directly and indirectly via driving vengeance and violations predicted MVC. Personality variables and mediating variables explained 21% and 26% of the variance in MVC and traffic tickets, respectively, values much higher than those previously reported in the past research. Findings have critical implications for the assessment of aggressive drivers and potential for road rage

Dark Personality and Road Crashes: Mediating Role of Driver Vengeance and Violations

Aggressive driving and road rage are increasingly leading to Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC), especially in the developing countries. Considering that malevolent personality characteristics, such as dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) create a tendency for vengeful and aggressive driving, we examined the power of personality variables in predicting MVC. Specifically, using Contextual Mediated Model (Sümer, 2003), we tested a double mediation model in which driving anger and vengeance mediate the relationships between personality characteristics (Big Five Traits and Dark Triad) and driving violations, and in turn, driving violations mediate the link between driving anger/vengeance and risky driving outcomes (MVC and traffic tickets). Turkish drivers (N = 485, female = %51) completed the measures of personality, aberrant driving behaviors, vengeance, and driving anger. Results of path analyses revealed that whereas narcissism and neuroticism are the critical predictors for aggressive driving Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of driving vengeance. Moreover, Machiavellianism both directly and indirectly via driving vengeance and violations predicted MVC. Personality variables and mediating variables explained 21% and 26% of the variance in MVC and traffic tickets, respectively, values much higher than those previously reported in the past research. Findings have critical implications for the assessment of aggressive drivers and potential for road rage