Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

TII - Arquitectura y Arte - AR306 - 202101

Descripción: La arquitectura es un juego de luz y sombras, volúmenes y espacios, colores, texturas, materiales, etc., en este curso se introduce al futuro arquitecto en el arte de combinar dichos elementos de un modo creativo y útil, reflejando cómo somos y qué hacemos las personas. Este taller pretende explorar una parte de ese universo, oculto para algunos, y enseñarnos como se puede diseñar algo que luego será parte de nuestro entorno, convirtiendo en realidad algo que nació de la imaginación. Propósito: TII - Arquitectura y Arte es la base indispensable para los talleres siguientes. Se propone introducir al estudiante en el ejercicio del diseño arquitectónico por caminos indirectos, reflexionando sobre algún asunto relativo a la arquitectura (teoría) poniendo énfasis en el arte (concepto) para luego resolver un encargo (práctica). Generalmente estos encargos esconden simples claves que permiten resolver con ingenio y creatividad el desafío. Deben ser desarrollados individualmente o en grupos para compartir ideas, soluciones y responsabilidades en busca del proyecto perfecto. Esta asignatura contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de Pensamiento Innovador y la competencia especifica de Diseño fundamentado que corresponde a los criterios NAAB: PC2, PC5, SC5) ambas a un Nivel 1. Sus requisitos son Expresión Artística y Espacia y TI- introducción al Diseño Arquitectónico

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Search for massive resonances decaying into WW, WZ or ZZ bosons in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search is presented for new massive resonances decaying to WW, WZ or ZZ bosons in l nu quark anti-quark and quark anti-quark quark anti-quark final states. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3-2.7 inverse femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Decays of spin-1 and spin-2 resonances into two vector bosons are sought in the mass range 0.6-4.0 TeV. No significant excess over the standard model background is observed. Combining the results of the l nu quark anti-quark and quark anti-quark quark anti-quark final states, cross section and mass exclusion limits are set for models that predict heavy spin-1 and spin-2 resonances. This is the first search for a narrow-width spin-2 resonance at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

Search for massive resonances decaying into WW, WZ or ZZ bosons in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search is presented for new massive resonances decaying to WW, WZ or ZZ bosons in $\ell \nu q\overline{q}$ and $q\overline{q}q\overline{q}$ final states. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3-2.7 fb$^{−1}$ recorded in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Decays of spin-1 and spin-2 resonances into two vector bosons are sought in the mass range 0.6-4.0 TeV. No significant excess over the standard model background is observed. Combining the results of the $\ell \nu q\overline{q}$ and $q\overline{q}q\overline{q}$ final states, cross section and mass exclusion limits are set for models that predict heavy spin-1 and spin-2 resonances. This is the first search for a narrow-width spin-2 resonance at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV