Несакани реакции на лекови - орални манифестации

Несаканите реакции на лекови се честа појава која може да се манифестира во усната празнина. Од страна на СЗО несаканата реакција на лекот е дефинирана како „одговор на лек кој е штетен и неочекуван, и кој се јавува при доза која нормално се користи кај човекот за профилакса, дијагноза, терапија на болест или за модификација на физиолошката функција“ Цел: да се опишат најчестите несаканите реакции на лекот со кои може да се сретнат стоматолозите во секојдневната клиничка пракса. Методи: беше направено истражување на специјализираните бази на податоци PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus за периодот 2010-2022 год. со користење на MeSH термини: несакана реакција на лекови, реакции индуцирани од лекови, уста, орална манифестација. Резултати: заболувањата и најчестите состојбите беа категоризирани во групи и тоа: зафатеност на плунковните жлезди, мукозни промени, промени на тврдите ткива и не специфични состојби. Заклучок: Консумација на антибиотици, нестероидни антиинфламаторни лекови (НСАИЛ) и имуносупресори се најчести лекови кои предизвикуваат несакани реакции во усната празнина. Зголемување на животниот век, и се поголемиот број на постара популација која има потреба од различни групи лекови, ја наметнува улогата на стоматолозите детално да бидат запознаени со несакани ефекти на лековите, нивната клиничка манифестација и начинот на нивното правовремено менаџирање

Oral signs of adverse drug reactions

BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to drugs are common and may have a variety of clinical presentations in the oral cavity. They are harmful and unintended responses to a medical product. As newer therapeutic agents are approved, it is likely that more adverse drug events will be encountered. The extent of adverse drug reactions is unknown; however, because a lot of them are asymptomatic, many are believed to go unnoticed. Their pathogenesis, especially of the mucosal reactions, is largely unknown and appears to involve complex interactions between the drug, other medications, the patient’s underlying disease, genetics and lifestyle factors. AIM: to describe the most common adverse drug reactions that dentists may encounter in daily clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: research was done exploring specialized databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus for the period 2010-2023, by use of MeSH terms: adverse drug reaction, drug-induced reactions, oral manifestation. RESULTS. The most common oral manifestations were categorized into groups as follows: saliva and salivary gland involvement, soft tissue alterations, hard tissue damage, and non-specific oral conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of adverse drug-induced oral effects helps dental professionals to better diagnose oral disease, administer drugs, and improve patient compliance during drug therapy which may foster a more rational use of drugs. Keywords: oral cavity, adverse drug reactions, oral signs

Testiranje spojnog smicanja dubokih okluzalnih kompozitnih restauracija postavljenih preko podloge od Dycal, Dycal LC, konvencionalnog ili smolom modifikovanog glas-jonomer cementa

Background/Aim. The longevity of a dental restoration may be predicted to some degree by its adhesive ability, and this, in turn, can be measured by bond strength testing between restorative materials and tooth structure. The aim of this study was to test an innovative joggle lap shearing jig that integrates the tooth and the entire biomechanical unit into testing, to compare the shear bond strengths of Class I occlusal composite restorations in deep cavity preparations lined with Dycal, Dycal LC, conventional glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer. The mode of failure (adhesive, cohesive, mixed) after debonding was determined by stereomicroscopy. Methods. A total of 150 standardized occlusal cavities were prepared and divided into five groups. The group I cavities (n = 30) were coated with adhesive (ExciTE®F) and filled directly with composite (TetricEvoCeram). The group II and III cavities were lined with Dycal (n = 30) or Dycal LC (n = 30) before placing composite. The groups IV and V specimens were based with Fuji IX (n = 30) or Fuji II LC (n = 30). Shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine and fractured bonding sites were analyzed under stereomicroscope. The mean bond strengths were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test (p lt 0.05) and the means between the groups were analyzed with Student's t-test. Results. The shear bond strength (MPa) of composite restorations in cavities without base (23.91 ± 4.54) was higher than cavities lined with Fuji II LC (17.45 ± 2.74), Fuji IX (8.76 ± 2.57), Dycal LC (13.07 ± 1.84) or Dycal (6.12 ± 1.28). The results using the jogged lap shearing jig were consistent with the literature. Conclusion. The shear bond strength of occlusal composite restorations in deep cavities without liners was greater than cavities lined with Fuji II LC > Fuji IX > Dycal LC > Dycal.Uvod/Cilj. Trajnost zubnih nadoknada može se donekle predvideti vstom adhezivne sposobnosti materijala i može se meriti testiranjem snage adhezije restorativnih materijala i zubnih struktura. Cilj ove studije bio je da se da se testira preklapanje spoja koji povezuje zub i biomehaničku jedinicu i da se uporedi jačina veze okluzalnih kompozitnih ispuna postavljenih u duboke kavitete preko podloge od Dycal, Dycal LC, konvencionalnog ili smolom-modifikovanog glas-jonomer cementa. Metode. Ukupno 150 standardizovanih okluzalnih kaviteta bilo je podeljeno u pet grupa (n = 30): I - kaviteti premazani adhezivom (ExciTE®F) i direktno ispunjeni kompozitom (TetricEvoCeram); II i III - kaviteti sa podlogom od Dycal ili Dycal LC pre postavljanja kompozitnog materijala; IV i V - uzorci sa bazom od Fuji IX ili Fuji II LC (n = 30). Jačina vezivne snage određena je pomoću univerzalne mašine, a način neuspeha (adhezivna, kohezivna, mešovita fraktura) određen je stereomikroskopom. Srednje vrednosti su analizirane pomoću ANOVA testa (p lt 0,05), a značajnost razlika između grupa analizirana je Student-ovim t-testom. Rezultati. Jačina vezivne snage (MPa) kompozitnih ispuna u kavitetima bez podloge (23,91 ± 4,54) bila je veća u poređenju sa ispunima postavljenim preko Fuji II LC (17,45 ± 2,74), Fuji IX (8,76 ± 2,57), Dycal LC (13,07 ± 1,84) ili Dycal (6.12 ± 1.28). Zaključak. Smicanje ili pomaknuće okluzalnih kompozitnih ispuna u dubokim kavitetima bez lajnera je veće nego u kavitetima postavljenim preko Fuji II LC > Fuji IX > Dycal LC > Dycal

Comparison of root surface roughness induced by hand and ultrasonic instrumentation on treated molars: an in vitro study

Objective: To compare the effects of hand and ultrasonic instrumentation on root surface of treated molars. Materials and Methods: 20 molars extracted from orthodontic reasons were followed in vitro. After extraction, the teeth are washed with distilled water, kept at room temperature in phosphate buffer solution pH 7,0. At mesial and distal cervical third of the roots were formed parallel grooves using carbide borer .The first groove is made 3 mm over enamel-cement junction(ECJ) of the crown, and the second is 3 mm under ECJ (in apical direction).This zone is treated in two ways: manually treated samples (hand instrumentation) using Gracey curettes 5-6 (Gracey; Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA), and ultrasound treated (KAVO, SONIC flex 2000 , number 5 - 6; frequency 6000 Hz). After 48 hours, samples were examined by scanning electron microscope, SEM model VEGA3LMU. Samples were examined with magnification ranging from 17 x to 300 x. Additional SEM micrographs with magnification higher than 300x were taken for detailed examination. The presence of fissures and cracks in 1mm² are calculated with mathematical formula. Results: Presence of fissures on root surface (cement) of molars treated with hand instrumentation for Z = -5,41 and p <0,001 (p = 0,000) is significantly lower compared to the presence of fissures on root ssurface (cement) of molars treated with ultrasonic instrumentation. Conclusion: Manual instrumentation is safer in the treatment of root surfaces, as opposed to applied ultrasound instrumentation, causing numerous and wide fissures in molars. Keywords: root surface, scaling and root planning, ultrasonic instrumentation, manual instrumentatio

Clinical Therapeutic Effects of the Application of Doxycycline in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of the application of doxycycline-full dose (100 mg) and sub-dose (20 mg) in the treatment of periodontal disease.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients with periodontal disease were examined. Patients are divided into two groups: A) treated with antimicrobial dose of 100 mg doxycycline once daily for 30 days, and B) treated with 2 x 20 mg/day. doxycycline, during 75 days. Among all patients a conservative treatment was carried out and ordinated the proper dose doxycycline in total dose during treatment from 3 gr. Index of dental plaque by Löe-Sillness, index of gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding by Cowell were followed.RESULTS: Values of dental plaque in relation first examination, 10th, 20th day, 1 month and 2.5 months, showed that after 2.5 months, average value (x = 0.83) of dental plaque in second group is slightly less than the value (x = 0.93) of dental plaque in the first group. The average value (x = 0.17) of gingival inflammation in second group is significantly less than the value (x = 0.50) of gingival inflammation in the first group. The average value (x = 0.97) of gingival bleeding in patients from the first group was significantly higher than value(x = 0.37) of gingival bleeding in the second group.CONCLUSION: Patients whose therapy was helped by a sub-dose doxycycline demonstrated positive therapeutic effects on gingival inflammation and bleeding

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e. a controlling message) compared to no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly-internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared to the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly-internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing: Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

STUDENTS’ OPPINION ABOUT PROFESSIONAL ETHICS RELATION OF THE TEACHERS

oai:ojs2.ijcrsee.com:article/1Professional teacher’s ethics is a collection of moral codes of their professional work. It is significant that the teaching profession respects certain designated professional-ethical codes of conduct between the teachers and the students, with their colleagues and other people they professionally cooperate with.&nbsp;This study is focused on analysis of the professional ethical relation of teachers towards students, seen from student’s point of view. These are the results of student’s reported opinion of the eighth graders from six primary schools in the region of the city of Skopje. The obtained results show that teachers mainly keep in line with the moral codes of conduct with the students, but not always all teachers respect them

Microhardness of root dentin: effect of endodontic techniques and irrigants

The Aim of our study is to measure and evaluate the effect of standard step-back (k-file) endodontic technique and rotary (Pro-taper) endodontic technique followed by irrigation with 2,5% Natrium hypohlorite alone or combined with 17% EDTA on microhardness changes of root canal dentin. Method: Forty mandibular human unerupted trird molars were sectioned transversely at the cementoenamel junction and the crowns were discarded.. The data were recorded with Vicker’s hardness test, 0,5mm from the orificium of the canal before and after the endodontic treatment. Subsequently, each root was instrumented as following: group (1) stepback technique and irrigation with 2,5% Natrium hypohlorite, group (2) step-back technique and irrigation with 2,5% Natrium hypohlorite and 17% EDTA, group (3) crown down and irrigation with 2,5% Natrium hypohlorite, group (4) crown down rotary and and irrigation with 2,5% Natrium hypohlorite and 17% EDTA. Results: Both techniques caused significant reduction of the microhardness of mineralized dentin with the largest reductions observed after combination of 2,5% Natrium hypochlorite with 17% EDTA. ANOVA statisti cal test is p<0,01 for group (2) and group (4). Conclusion::Clinicians must be aware of reducing dentin thickness parallel with dentin hardness which may lead to premature fractures and cracks especially after use of chelators