Effects of ball milling on the structural, thermal, and rheological properties of oat bran protein flour

Oat bran protein flour (OBPF), containing protein, starch, and lipid as major constituents, was ball milled and subsequently evaluated on structural conformation, thermal properties, particle size distributions, and rheological properties. Prior to ball milling, characterisation of OBPF were conducted by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showing the existence of aggregated protein and starch-lipid complexes as predominant constituents of OBPF. Ball milling altered structural conformations of both protein and starch. Moreover, increase of ball milling time gradually decreased the transition enthalpy changes of amylose-lipid complexes upon heating which can be related to disruption of amylose-lipid complexes helical structure. Ball milling at higher speed resulted to smaller average particle size distributions of OBPF. Dynamic mechanical spectra of concentrated dispersions containing ball milled OBPF exhibited lower storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli compared to control sample due to reduced particles volume packing. Moduli-frequency sweep data satisfactory fitted the Power Law’s model

Synthesis and characterization of the copolymer poly(3-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-?-caprolactone) from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(?-caprolactone)

O copol?mero poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-?-caprolactona) foi sintetizado por transesterifica??o, a partir dos homopol?meros PHB e PCL, usando acetilacetonato de zirc?nio(IV), como catalisador, nas concentra??es de 20, 50 e 80% de PHB em massa. Os copol?meros foram caracterizados por GPC, m?todos espectrosc?picos (RMN-?H, RMN-13C e IV-FT) e m?todos t?rmicos (TG e DSC). A rota de s?ntese utilizada mostrou-se eficaz na s?ntese dos copol?meros P(HB-co-CL), os quais mostraram diminui??o das cadeias polim?ricas, apresentando Mw inferior a 24.000Daltons. Todos os copol?meros obtidos s?o termicamente mais est?veis que o PHB e com menor cristalinidade que os homopol?meros de partida. Esses materiais s?o bons candidatos para utiliza??o como biomateriais em matrizes para libera??o controlada de f?rmacos ou mesmo como compatibilizante em blendas PHB/PCL.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)In the present work, the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co??-caprolactone), P(HB-co-CL), was prepared by transesterification reaction from PHB and PCL. Zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate was used as catalyst and the copolymers were obtained in a wide range of compositions of PHB/PCL (20/80, 50/50, 80/20). These copolymers were characterized by GPC, FT-IR, ?H-NMR, 13C-NMR, TG, and DSC. The copolymers had weight average molecular weight less than 24.000 Daltons. All the systems were thermally more stable than PHB, showing lower crystallinity than the homopolymers. These materials are good candidates to be used as biomaterials, in drug release matrices, or even as PHB/PCL blends compatibilizers

Manejo integrado de Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) no Submedio Sao Francisco.

Avaliou-se a viabilidade de se utilizar conjuntamente genotipos de sorgo resistentes e o predador (Doru luteipes (Scud.) no controle do pulgao-verde Schizaphis graminum (Rond.). Utilizou-se seis genotipos de sorgo, sendo dois materiais resistentes (GR e TX 2567), dois moderadamente resistentes (IS 3422 e KS 41) e dois suscetiveis (007 B e BR 300). Foram efetuadas infestacoes com densidades iniciais de 15, 30 e 60 pulgoes/planta e liberado um predador por planta, tres dias apos a infestacao com o pulgao. Em qualquer das densidades de pulgoes, mesmo na presenca do predador, os genotipos suscetiveis foram altamente danificados (50% a 100% de necrose), enquanto os resistentes apresentaram danos pequenos (ate 20% de em qualquer densidade inicial de pulgoes em relacao a ausencia do predador. Houve integracao positiva quando se utilizaram genotipos com resistencia moderada e o predador D. luteipes no controle de S. graminum

Free surface flows emerging from beneath a semi-infinite plate with constant vorticity

The free surface flow past a semi-infinite horizontal plate in a finite-depth fluid is considered. It is assumed that the fluid is incompressible and inviscid and that the flow approaches a uniform shear flow downstream. Exact relations are derived using conservation of mass and momentum for the case where the downstream free surface is flat. The complete nonlinear problem is solved numerically using a boundary integral method and these waveless solutions are shown to exist only when the height of the plate above the bottom is greater than the height of the uniform shear flow. Interesting results are found for various values of the constant vorticity. Solutions with downstream surface waves are also considered, and nonlinear results of this type are compared with linear results found previously. These solutions can be used to model the flow near the stern of a (two-dimensional) ship

Karyotype differentiation in three species of Tripogandra Raf. (Commelinaceae) with different ploidy levels

Most species of the genus Tripogandra (Commelinaceae) are taxonomically poorly circumscribed, in spite of having a relatively stable basic number x = 8. Aiming to estimate the cytological variation among Tripogandra species carrying this base number, several structural karyotypic characters were investigated in the diploid T. glandulosa, the hexaploid T. serrulata, and the octoploid T. diuretica. A careful evaluation of chromosome size and morphology did not reveal clear chromosome homeologies among karyotypes. The mean chromosome size was strongly reduced in the octoploid species, but not in the hexaploid species. They also differed largely in the CMA+ banding pattern and in the number of 5S and 45S rDNA sites per monoploid chromosome complement. All three species showed proximal DAPI + heterochromatin, although in T. serrulata this kind of heterochromatin was only visible after FISH. Further, the meiosis in T. serrulata was highly irregular, suggesting that this species has a hybrid origin. The data indicate that, in spite of the conservation of the base number, these species are karyologically quite different from each other

Riverhood: political ecologies of socionature commoning and translocal struggles for water justice

Mega-damming, pollution and depletion endanger rivers worldwide. Meanwhile, modernist imaginaries of ordering ‘unruly waters and humans’ have become cornerstones of hydraulic-bureaucratic and capitalist development. They separate hydro/social worlds, sideline river-commons cultures, and deepen socio-environmental injustices. But myriad new water justice movements (NWJMs) proliferate: rooted, disruptive, transdisciplinary, multi-scalar coalitions that deploy alternative river–society ontologies, bridge South–North divides, and translate river-enlivening practices from local to global and vice-versa. This paper's framework conceptualizes ‘riverhood’ to engage with NWJMs and river commoning initiatives. We suggest four interrelated ontologies, situating river socionatures as arenas of material, social and symbolic co-production: ‘river-as-ecosociety’, ‘river-as-territory’, ‘river-as-subject’, and ‘river-as-movement’

Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions

Search for CP violation in D+→ϕπ+ and D+s→K0Sπ+ decays

A search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + decays is performed using data collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. The CP -violating asymmetry is measured to be (−0.04 ± 0.14 ± 0.14)% for candidates with K − K + mass within 20 MeV/c 2 of the ϕ meson mass. A search for a CP -violating asymmetry that varies across the ϕ mass region of the D + → K − K + π + Dalitz plot is also performed, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the CP asymmetry in the D+s→K0Sπ+ decay is measured to be (0.61 ± 0.83 ± 0.14)%

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds