On the Schr\"odinger equations with isotropic and anisotropic fourth-order dispersion

This paper deals with the Cauchy problem associated to the nonlinear fourth-order Schr\"odinger equation with isotropic and anisotropic mixed dispersion. This model is given by the equation $i\partial _{t}u+\epsilon \Delta u+\delta A u+\lambda|u|^\alpha u=0,$ $x\in \mathbb{R}^{n},$ $t\in \mathbb{R},$ where $A$ represents either the operator $\Delta^2$ (isotropic dispersion) or $\sum_{i=1}^d\partial_{x_ix_ix_ix_i},\ 1\leq d<n$ (anisotropic dispersion), and $\alpha, \epsilon, \lambda$ are given real parameters. We obtain local and global well-posedness results in spaces of initial data with low regularity, such as weak-$L^p$ spaces. Our analysis also includes the biharmonic and anisotropic biharmonic equation $(\epsilon=0)$ for which, the existence of self-similar solutions is obtained as consequence of his scaling invariance. In a second part, we investigate the vanishing second order dispersion limit in the framework of weak-$L^p$ spaces. We also analyze the convergence of the solutions for the nonlinear fourth-order Schr\"odinger equation $i\partial _{t}u+\epsilon \Delta u+\delta \Delta^2 u+\lambda|u|^\alpha u=0$, as $\epsilon$ goes to zero, in $H^2$-norm, to the solutions of the corresponding biharmonic equation $i\partial _{t}u+\delta \Delta^2 u+\lambda|u|^\alpha u=0$

On the influence of tyre and structural properties on the stability of bicycles

In recent years the Whipple Carvallo Bicycle Model has been extended to analyse high speed stability of bicycles. Various researchers have developed models taking into account the effects of front frame compliance and tyre properties, nonetheless, a systematic analysis has not been yet carried out. This paper aims at analysing parametrically the influence of front frame compliance and tyre properties on the open loop stability of bicycles. Some indexes based on the eigenvalues of the dynamic system are defined to evaluate quantitatively bicycle stability. The parametric analysis is carried out with a factorial design approach to determine the most influential parameters. A commuting and a racing bicycle are considered and numerical results show different effects of the various parameters on each bicycle. In the commuting bicycle, the tyre properties have greater influence than front frame compliance, and the weave mode has the main effect on stability. Conversely, in the racing bicycle, the front frame compliance parameters have greater influence than tyre properties, and the wobble mode has the main effect on stability