Efecto de la orientación al mercado, la capacidad de redes y la orientación emprendedora en el desempeño internacional de las PYMEs

Este estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre internacionalización de PYMEs analizando la influencia de la Orientación al Mercado Internacional, la Capacidad de Redes y la Orientación Emprendedora Internacional sobre el Desempeño Internacional de este tipo de empresas. En particular, se analizan tanto los efectos directos de las variables explicativas del Desempeño Internacional como las relaciones de interdependencia existente entre las mismas. Los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 161 PYMEs mexicanas mediante un análisis SEM-PLS ponen de manifiesto que el Desempeño Internacional de este tipo de empresas está influido positivamente por su Capacidad de Redes y su Orientación Emprendedora Internacional, pero no por su Orientación al Mercado Internacional. Así mismo, se constata que existen Relaciones de interdependencia entre las variables explicativas del Desempeño Internacional de las PYMEs, observándose un impacto positivo de la Orientación Emprendedora Internacional sobre la Capacidad de Redes y la Orientación al Mercado Internacional de las PYMEs.This study contributes to the literature on the internationalization of SMEs by analyzing the influence of International Market Orientation, Networking Capability and International Entrepreneurial Orientation on the International Performance of this type of companies. In particular, we analyze both the direct effects of the explanatory variables on International Performance and the interdependence relations existing between them. The results obtained from an example of 161 Mexican SMEs through SEM-PLS analysis show that the International Performance of this type of companies is positively influenced by Network Capability and International Entrepreneurial Orientation, but not by International Market Orientation. Likewise, there is an interdependence between the explanatory variables of SMEs International Performance, and more specifically a positive impact of International Entrepreneurial Orientation on Network Capacity and International Market Orientation of SMEs

Caracterización psicosocial de deportistas y reconocimiento de la importancia del psicólogo deportivo

Objective. To develop a psychosocial characterization of a group of athletes from the department of Huila-Colombia, and toidentify their perception of the work of sports psychologists. Method. A descriptive, transversal research was conducted, in which817 athletes (72.3% men, average age 17.26 years, [SD = 4.28]) participated. e information was obtained through an ad hocinstrument of self-reporting, validated by experts, keeping the ethical considerations of the case. Results. Signicant associations(p < 0.05) exist between the psychological and emotional factors (mainly anxiety and stress) and cognitive factors (attention,concentration, cohesion, motivation, self-condence and cohesion), with sex, surgery, current job, sports club association,participation in competitions and accompaniment with a sports psychologist as variables; even when many of the respondentsdo not have access to professional sports psychologists, they highlight the importance of their actions to improve performance.Conclusion. e study allows us to have a general overview of the sociodemographic conditions of athletes, as well as theirpsychosocial needs to be strengthened; nevertheless, more rigorous exercises must be carried out that allow establishing, not onlystatistical relationships between the variables reported, but also effective interventions.Objetivo. Desarrollar la caracterización psicosocial de un grupo de deportistas del departamento del Huila (Colombia), e identicarsu percepción acerca de la labor del psicólogo deportivo. Método. Investigación descriptiva, transversal, en la que participaron 817deportistas (72.3% hombres, edad promedio 17.26 años [DE = 4.28]). La información fue obtenida mediante un instrumento adhoc de autorreporte, validado por expertos, guardando las consideraciones éticas del caso. Resultados. Se evidenciaron asociacionessignicativas (p < 0.05) entre los factores psicológicos emocionales (principalmente ansiedad y estrés) y cognitivos (atención,concentración, cohesión, motivación, autoconanza y cohesión), con las variables sexo, sometimiento a cirugías, trabajo actual,asociación a club deportivo, participación en competencias y acompañamiento con psicólogo deportivo. Muchos de los encuestadosno tenían acceso a los profesionales en psicología deportiva, pero resaltaron su importancia para el mejoramiento del rendimientodeportivo. Conclusión. El estudio permitió tener una panorámica general de las condiciones sociodemográcas de los deportistas y de sus necesidades psicosociales. No obstante, se deben llevar a cabo ejercicios más rigurosos que permitan no solo establecerrelaciones estadísticas entre las variables reportadas, sino también realizar intervenciones efectivas

Caracterización psicosocial de deportistas y reconocimiento de la importancia del psicólogo deportivo

Objective: To develop a psychosocial characterization of a group of athletes from the department of Huila-Colombia, and to identify their perception of the work of the sports psychologist.  Method: Descriptive, transversal research, in which 817 athletes (72.3% men, average age 17.26 years) participated. The information was obtained through an ad hoc instrument of self-report, validated by experts, keeping the ethical considerations of the case. Results: The respondents show the importance of the management of emotional states (mainly anxiety and stress) and the strengthening of psychological factors (attention, concentration, cohesion, motivation, self-confidence and cohesion), and while is true that even many of them do not have access to professionals in sports psychology, they highlight the importance of their actions for the improvement of sports performance. Conclusion: The study allows us to have a general overview of the sociodemographic conditions of athletes, as well as their psychosocial needs to be strengthened; nevertheless, more rigorous exercises must be carried out that allow not only to establish statistical relationships between the variables reported, but also to carry out convincing interventional exercises.Objetivo. Desarrollar la caracterización psicosocial de un grupo de deportistas del departamento del Huila (Colombia), e identificar su percepción acerca de la labor del psicólogo deportivo. Método. Investigación descriptiva, transversal, en la que participaron 817 deportistas (72.3% hombres, edad promedio 17.26 años [DE = 4.28]). La información fue obtenida mediante un instrumento ad hoc de autorreporte, validado por expertos, guardando las consideraciones éticas del caso. Resultados. Se evidenciaron asociaciones significativas (p < 0.05) entre los factores psicológicos emocionales (principalmente ansiedad y estrés) y cognitivos (atención, concentración, cohesión, motivación, autoconfianza y cohesión), con las variables sexo, sometimiento a cirugías, trabajo actual, asociación a club deportivo, participación en competencias y acompañamiento con psicólogo deportivo. Muchos de los encuestados no tenían acceso a los profesionales en psicología deportiva, pero resaltaron su importancia para el mejoramiento del rendimiento deportivo. Conclusión. El estudio permitió tener una panorámica general de las condiciones sociodemográficas de los deportistas y de sus necesidades psicosociales. No obstante, se deben llevar a cabo ejercicios más rigurosos que permitan no solo establecer relaciones estadísticas entre las variables reportadas, sino también realizar intervenciones efectivas

Effect of market orientation, network capability and entrepreneurial orientation on international performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

ABSTRACT: This study contributes to literature on the internationalization of SMEs by analysing the influence of International Market Orientation, Network Capability, and International Entrepreneurial Orientation on the International Performance of this kind of businesses. Particularly, both the direct effects of explanatory variables of international Performance and interdependence relations between them are analysed. Results obtained from a sample of 161 Mexican SMEs using SEM-PLS analysis show that the International Performance of this kind of businesses is favourably influenced by their Network Capability and International Entrepreneurial Orientation, but not by their International Market Orientation. Similarly, it is verified that interdependence relations exist among the explanatory variables of International Performance of SMEs, where positive impact of International Entrepreneurial Orientation is observed on Network Capability and the International Market Orientation of SMEs

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia