97 research outputs found
Overview of the 84th Annual UCEA Conference: Blurring the Boundaries of the Academy
To meet the challenges of the next century, continuing higher education is recreating itself to assume position of campus-wide leadership. Traditional continuing education units that were simply the university\u27s off-campus course providers are using their organizational flexibility to take on innovative and expanded roles that include for-profit distance learning centers, international educational partnerships, welfare-to-work initiatives, and post-baccalaureate programs for the changing workforce. While maintaining the academy\u27s high standards of scholarship and research, continuing education is also being asked to become a lead voice in conceiving the new academy and in linking the university to the demands of society. These new roles and initiatives are resulting in unprecedented growth and a reconfiguration of the academy\u27s traditional relationships
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: VI. Second HI Source Catalog of the Virgo Cluster Region
We present the third installment of HI sources extracted from the Arecibo
Legacy Fast ALFA extragalactic survey. This dataset continues the work of the
Virgo ALFALFA catalog. The catalogs and spectra published here consist of data
obtained during the 2005 and 2006 observing sessions of the survey. The catalog
consists of 578 HI detections within the range 11h 36m < R.A.(J2000) < 13h 52m
and +08 deg < Dec.(J2000) < +12 deg, and cz_sun < 18000 km/s. The catalog
entries are identified with optical counterparts where possible through the
examination of digitized optical images. The catalog detections can be
classified into three categories: (a) detections of high reliability with S/N >
6.5; (b) high velocity clouds in the Milky Way or its periphery; and (c)
signals of lower S/N which coincide spatially with an optical object and known
redshift. 75% of the sources are newly published HI detections. Of particular
note is a complex of HI clouds projected between M87 and M49 that do not
coincide with any optical counterparts. Candidate objects without optical
counterparts are few. The median redshift for this sample is 6500 km/s and the
cz distribution exhibits the local large scale structure consisting of Virgo
and the background void and the A1367-Coma supercluster regime at cz_sun ~7000
km/s. Position corrections for telescope pointing errors are applied to the
dataset by comparing ALFALFA continuum centroid with those cataloged in the
NRAO VLA Sky Survey. The uncorrected positional accuracy averages
27 arcsec ~(21 arcsec ~median) for all sources with S/N > 6.5 and is of order
~21 arcsec ~(16 arcsec ~median) for signals with S/N > 12. Uncertainties in
distances toward the Virgo cluster can affect the calculated HI mass
distribution.Comment: 25 pages, 1 Table, 8 figures, Accepted by the Astronomical Journa
HI in NGC 5433 and its Environment: High-Latitude Emission in a Small Galaxy Group
We present HI synthesis maps of the edge-on starburst NGC 5433 and its
environment, obtained with the VLA in its C and D configurations. The
observations and spectral model residuals of the main disc emission in NGC 5433
reveal 3 extraplanar features. We associate 2 of these features with coherent
extraplanar extensions across multiple spectral channels in our data, including
a complete loop in position-velocity space. Interpreting the latter as an
expanding shell we derive a corresponding input energy of 2 x 10^54 ergs,
comparable to that for the largest supershells found in the Galaxy and those in
other edge-on systems. NGC 5433 is in a richer environment than previously
thought. We confirm that KUG 1359+326 is a physical companion to NGC 5433 and
find two new faint companions, both with Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner
identifications, that we label SIS-1 and SIS-2. Including the more distant IC
4357, NGC 5433 is the dominant member of a group of at least 5 galaxies,
spanning over 750 kpc in a filamentary structure. A variety of evidence
suggests that interactions are occurring in this group. While a number of
underlying mechanisms are consistent with the morphology of the high-latitude
features in NGC 5433, we argue that environmental effects may play a role in
their generation.Comment: 18 pages including 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. For
higher resolution Fig. 1, see http://www.astro.cornell.edu/~spekkens/papers/
v2: Proof-corrected cop
The bashful and the boastful : prestigious leaders and social change in Mesolithic Societies
The creation and maintenance of influential leaders and authorities is one of the key themes of archaeological and historical enquiry. However the social dynamics of authorities and leaders in the Mesolithic remains a largely unexplored area of study. The role and influence of authorities can be remarkably different in different situations yet they exist in all societies and in almost all social contexts from playgrounds to parliaments. Here we explore the literature on the dynamics of authority creation, maintenance and contestation in egalitarian societies, and discuss the implications for our interpretation and understanding of the formation of authorities and leaders and changing social relationships within the Mesolithic
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: III. HI Source Catalog of the Northern Virgo Cluster Region
We present the first installment of HI sources extracted from the Arecibo
Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) extragalactic survey, initiated in 2005. Sources
have been extracted from 3-D spectral data cubes and then examined
interactively to yield global HI parameters. A total of 730 HI detections are
catalogued within the solid angle 11h44m < R.A.(J2000) < 14h00m and +12deg <
Dec.(J2000) < +16deg, and redshift range -1600 \kms < cz < 18000 \kms. In
comparison, the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS) detected 40 HI signals in the
same region. Optical counterparts are assigned via examination of digital
optical imaging databases. ALFALFA HI detections are reported for three
distinct classes of signals: (a) detections, typically with S/N > 6.5; (b) high
velocity clouds in the Milky Way or its periphery; and (c) signals of lower S/N
(to ~ 4.5) which coincide spatially with an optical object of known similar
redshift. Although this region of the sky has been heavily surveyed by previous
targeted observations based on optical flux-- or size-- limited samples, 69% of
the extracted sources are newly reported HI detections. The resultant
positional accuracy of HI sources is 20" (median). The median redshift of the
sample is ~7000 \kms and its distribution reflects the known local large scale
structure including the Virgo cluster. Several extended HI features are found
in the vicinity of the Virgo cluster. A small percentage (6%) of HI detections
have no identifiable optical counterpart, more than half of which are high
velocity clouds in the Milky Way vicinity; the remaining 17 objects do not
appear connected to or associated with any known galaxy.Comment: Astronomical Journal, in pres
Sustained proliferation in cancer: mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression
The Atlas3D project -- XIII. Mass and morphology of HI in early-type galaxies as a function of environment
We present the Atlas3D HI survey of 166 nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs)
down to M(HI)~10^7 M_sun. We detect HI in ~40% of all ETGs outside the Virgo
cluster and in ~10% of all ETGs inside it. This demonstrates that it is common
for non-cluster ETGs to host HI. The HI morphology varies from regular
discs/rings (the majority of the detections) to unsettled gas distributions.
The former are either small discs (M(HI)<10^8 M_sun) confined within the
stellar body and sharing the same kinematics of the stars, or large discs/rings
(M(HI) up to 5x10^9 M_sun) extending to tens of kpc from the host galaxy and
frequently kinematically decoupled from the stars. Neutral hydrogen provides
material for star formation in ETGs. Galaxies with central HI exhibit
signatures of star formation in ~70% of the cases, ~5 times more frequently
than galaxies without central HI. The central ISM is dominated by molecular
gas. In ETGs with a small gas disc the conversion of HI into H_2 is as
efficient as in spirals. The ETG HI mass function has M*~2x10^9 M_sun and
slope=-0.7. ETGs host much less HI than spirals as a family. However, a
significant fraction of them is as HI-rich as spirals. The main difference
between ETGs and spirals is that the former lack the high-column-density HI
typical of the bright stellar disc of the latter. We find an envelope of
decreasing M(HI) with increasing environment density. The gas-richest ETGs live
in the poorest environments (where star-formation is more common), galaxies in
the centre of Virgo have the lowest HI content, and the cluster outskirts are a
transition region. We find an HI morphology-density relation. At low
environment density HI is mostly distributed on large discs/rings. More
disturbed HI morphologies dominate environment densities typical of rich
groups, confirming the importance of processes occurring on a galaxy-group
scale for the evolution of ETGs.Comment: Accepted for publication on MNRA
Co-Regulation of the DAF-16 Target Gene, cyp-35B1/dod-13, by HSF-1 in C. elegans Dauer Larvae and daf-2 Insulin Pathway Mutants
Insulin/IGF-I-like signaling (IIS) has both cell autonomous and non-autonomous functions. In some cases, targets through which IIS regulates cell-autonomous functions, such as cell growth and metabolism, have been identified. In contrast, targets for many non-autonomous IIS functions, such as C. elegans dauer morphogenesis, remain elusive. Here, we report the use of genomic and genetic approaches to identify potential non-autonomous targets of C. elegans IIS. First, we used transcriptional microarrays to identify target genes regulated non-autonomously by IIS in the intestine or in neurons. C. elegans IIS controls expression of a number of stress response genes, which were differentially regulated by tissue-restricted IIS. In particular, expression of sod-3, a MnSOD enzyme, was not regulated by tissue-restricted IIS on the microarrays, while expression of hsp-16 genes was rescued back to wildtype by tissue restricted IIS. One IIS target regulated non-autonomously by age-1 was cyp-35B1/dod-13, encoding a cytochrome P450. Genetic analysis of the cyp-35B1 promoter showed both DAF-16 and HSF-1 are direct regulators. Based on these findings, we propose that hsf-1 may participate in the pathways mediating non-autonomous activities of age-1 in C. elegans
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The alpha.40 HI Source Catalog, its Characteristics and their Impact on the Derivation of the HI Mass Function
We present a current catalog of 21 cm HI line sources extracted from the
Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFALFA) survey over ~2800
square degrees of sky: the alpha.40 catalog. Covering 40% of the final survey
area, the alpha.40 catalog contains 15855 sources in the regions 07h30m < R.A.
< 16h30m, +04 deg < Dec. < +16 deg and +24 deg < Dec. < +28 deg and 22h < R.A.
< 03h, +14 deg < Dec. < +16 deg and +24 deg < Dec. < +32 deg. Of those, 15041
are certainly extragalactic, yielding a source density of 5.3 galaxies per
square degree, a factor of 29 improvement over the catalog extracted from the
HI Parkes All Sky Survey. In addition to the source centroid positions, HI line
flux densities, recessional velocities and line widths, the catalog includes
the coordinates of the most probable optical counterpart of each HI line
detection, and a separate compilation provides a crossmatch to identifications
given in the photometric and spectroscopic catalogs associated with the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Fewer than 2% of the extragalactic HI line
sources cannot be identified with a feasible optical counterpart; some of those
may be rare OH megamasers at 0.16 < z < 0.25. A detailed analysis is presented
of the completeness, width dependent sensitivity function and bias inherent in
the current alpha.40 catalog. The impact of survey selection, distance errors,
current volume coverage and local large scale structure on the derivation of
the HI mass function is assessed. While alpha.40 does not yet provide a
completely representative sampling of cosmological volume, derivations of the
HI mass function using future data releases from ALFALFA will further improve
both statistical and systematic uncertainties.Comment: 62 pages, 28 figures. See http://egg.astro.cornell.edu/alfalfa/data
for ASCII and CSV datafiles corresponding to Tables 1, 2 and 3. A higher
resolution PDF version can be found at
http://egg.astro.cornell.edu/alfalfa/pubs.php. To appear in Nov 2011 Astron.
Protocol of the baseline assessment for the Environments for Healthy Living (EHL) Wales cohort study
Background
Health is a result of influences operating at multiple levels. For example, inadequate housing, poor educational attainment, and reduced access to health care are clustered together, and are all associated with reduced health. Policies which try to change individual people's behaviour have limited effect when people have little control over their environment. However, structural environmental change and an understanding of the way that influences interact with each other, has the potential to facilitate healthy choices irrespective of personal resources. The aim of Environments for Healthy Living (EHL) is to investigate the impact of gestational and postnatal environments on health, and to examine where structural change can be brought about to optimise health outcomes. The baseline assessment will focus on birth outcomes and maternal and infant health.
Methods/Design
EHL is a longitudinal birth cohort study. We aim to recruit 1000 pregnant women in the period April 2010 to March 2013. We will examine the impact of the gestational environment (maternal health) and the postnatal environment (housing and neighbourhood conditions) on subsequent health outcomes for the infants born to these women. Data collection will commence during the participants' pregnancy, from approximately 20 weeks gestation. Participants will complete a questionnaire, undergo anthropometric measurements, wear an accelerometer, compile a food diary, and have environmental measures taken within their home. They will also be asked to consent to having a sample of umbilical cord blood taken following delivery of their baby. These data will be complemented by routinely collected electronic data such as health records from GP surgeries, hospital admissions, and child health and development records. Thereafter, participants will be visited annually for follow-up of subsequent exposures and child health outcomes.
Discussion
The baseline assessment of EHL will provide information concerning the impact of gestational and postnatal environments on birth outcomes and maternal and infant health. The findings can be used to inform the development of complex interventions targeted at structural, environmental factors, intended to reduce ill-health. Long-term follow-up of the cohort will focus on relationships between environmental exposures and the later development of adverse health outcomes, including obesity and diabetes
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