El Shincal de Quimivil, Quillay y Los Colorados : Una ventana para entender el mundo Inka en la región central de Catamarca

Fil: Giovannetti, Marco Antonio. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Corrado, Gustavo. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cochero, Gregoria. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ferraris, Edgardo. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Spina, Josefina. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Salama, Camila. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aljanati, Lucía. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Valderrama, Mariana. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

El Shincal de Quimivil, Quillay y Los Colorados : Una ventana para entender el mundo inka en la región central de Catamarca

Exponemos en este artículo nuestras interpretaciones surgidas de los estudios sobre los sitios arqueológicos El Shincal de Quimivil, Los Colorados y Quillay, todos relacionados a la instalación inka en la actual provincia de Catamarca. Intentaremos mostrar como la organización de grandes reuniones colectivas, incorporadas en el calendario festivo y ritual, movilizaba la organización del Tawantinsuyu (Estado Inka) en regiones lejanas del Cusco. El mismo sitio El Shincal fue planificado para la realización de estas prácticas al mismo tiempo que incorporaba elementos de una geografía y paisajística sacralizadas. Los sitios de producción como Los Colorados y Quillay se articulaban en este esquema.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

El Shincal de Quimivil, Quillay y Los Colorados : Una ventana para entender el mundo inka en la región central de Catamarca

Exponemos en este artículo nuestras interpretaciones surgidas de los estudios sobre los sitios arqueológicos El Shincal de Quimivil, Los Colorados y Quillay, todos relacionados a la instalación inka en la actual provincia de Catamarca. Intentaremos mostrar como la organización de grandes reuniones colectivas, incorporadas en el calendario festivo y ritual, movilizaba la organización del Tawantinsuyu (Estado Inka) en regiones lejanas del Cusco. El mismo sitio El Shincal fue planificado para la realización de estas prácticas al mismo tiempo que incorporaba elementos de una geografía y paisajística sacralizadas. Los sitios de producción como Los Colorados y Quillay se articulaban en este esquema.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

A Distinct DNA Methylation Shift in a Subset of Glioma CpG Island Methylator Phenotypes during Tumor Recurrence

Glioma diagnosis is based on histomorphology and grading; however, such classification does not have predictive clinical outcome after glioblastomas have developed. To date, no bona fide biomarkers that significantly translate into a survival benefit to glioblastoma patients have been identified. We previously reported that the IDH mutant G-CIMP-high subtype would be a predecessor to the G-CIMP-low subtype. Here, we performed a comprehensive DNA methylation longitudinal analysis of diffuse gliomas from 77 patients (200 tumors) to enlighten the epigenome-based malignant transformation of initially lower-grade gliomas. Intra-subtype heterogeneity among G-CIMP-high primary tumors allowed us to identify predictive biomarkers for assessing the risk of malignant recurrence at early stages of disease. G-CIMP-low recurrence appeared in 9.5% of all gliomas, and these resembled IDH-wild-type primary glioblastoma. G-CIMP-low recurrence can be characterized by distinct epigenetic changes at candidate functional tissue enhancers with AP-1/SOX binding elements, mesenchymal stem cell-like epigenomic phenotype, and genomic instability. Molecular abnormalities of longitudinal G-CIMP offer possibilities to defy glioblastoma progression

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Database Survey of Anti-Inflammatory Plants in South America: A Review

Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

El corredor sur en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires: Apuntes para su ubicación

Invitamos al/a lector/a a subirse al Ramal Buenos AiresLa Plata del Ferrocarril Línea Roca, o viajar en auto por la Autopista Buenos Aires-La Plata, o ir por la Avenida Calchaquí en las combis o los ómnibus urbanos, o también a tomarse un taxi o remís para unir el Triángulo de Bernal con el Cruce Varela; cualquiera de estos viajes nos haría tener una experiencia de movilidad por el corredor sur de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA). Nosotras hemos realizado esos viajes, pero además hemos obtenido, junto al equipo de investigación, el relato de muchos/as habitantes de las localidades que componen nuestra área de estudio. Daremos cuenta de esas narrativas a lo largo del libro, pero previamente queremos colocar algunos apuntes para ubicarnos y producir un “efecto de lugar” (Bourdieu, 1999) entre datos demográficos, económicos, políticos, de infraestructura e historia. Unas pinceladas de mapas que nos ayuden a comprender los procesos sociohistóricos que construyen los modos de vida, relaciones, sentidos e imaginarios de estos/as actores/as metropolitanos/as del conurbano sur. El capítulo se organiza con una primera sección referida a la conformación de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, y una segunda parte con caracterizaciones sobre el corredor sur y los partidos incluidos en esta investigación.Fil: Molaro, Macarena. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Trabajo Social. Laboratorio de Estudios en Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Salama, Camila. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Trabajo Social. Laboratorio de Estudios en Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Chaves, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Trabajo Social. Laboratorio de Estudios en Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe