Prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of elongated styloid process in south india

Objective: Very few studies have been reported in the literature classifying the elongation and calcification patterns of styloid process. The present study was done to investigate the prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of styloid process in patients attending a dental institution in south India. Study design: 600 digital panoramic radiographs of patients with dental problems were obtained from the outpatient department of the Dental institution. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured by a single experienced oral radiologist, with the help of the measuring tools on the accompanying software. The type of elongation and calcification patterns of each elongated styloid process was classified as per Langlai's classification with few modifications. Finally the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 520 measurable styloid processes (260 panoramic radiographs), 154 styloid processes had length greater than 3cm. The mean average length of elongated styloid process was 3.67±0.62 cm. No significant association was obtained between age and length of styloid process. In present study, the type of elongation pattern has no effect on the calcification pattern. Our results suggested that Type I elongated styloid processes were most likely to be completely calcified (type D), but statistically not significant. Conclusion: Type I pattern of elongation was found to be more prevalent in elder age group and was completely calcified in most of the cases. Interestingly, only three patients (out of 260) showed symptomatic elongation of styloid process. A relatively high prevalence of type IV elongation pattern (9 /154) was obtained in the present study, when compared to type III styloid process. Further large scale imaging studies are required to evaluate the presence of type IV elongation pattern in various population groups

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Smart Helmet based Accident Detection and Notification System for Two-Wheeler Motor Cycles

It’s common knowledge that modern youth gravitate toward two-wheeled transportation. Drinking and driving and excessive speeding are also widespread problems today. Road accidents are responsible for the deaths of thousands of individuals every year. The primary cause of this is the tardiness of emergency aid that should have been given to the victims. Using the Internet of Things, smart helmets will be able to identify accidents and send alerts to nearby emergency services as well as medical facilities. In this case, an accelerometer module is used to detect accidents by constantly monitoring the deviations from the normal conditions. In the event of a collision, the exact location of the rider can be determined and forwarded to the relevant authorities. The primary function of this system is to transmit accurate information related to the accident in the form of text messages and phone calls to predetermined contacts

Radio-morphometric Analysis of Sella Turcica in the South Indian Population: A Digital Cephalometric Study

Aim: The present study was undertaken to identify the role of radio-morphometric analysis of sella turcica in sex determination. Material and Methods: A total of 260 good quality lateral cephalograms (130 males and 130 females) were randomly selected from the orthodontic database between2014 and 2015. Radiographic measurements (antero-posterior diameter and depth of sella) were carried out by a senior oral radiologist. The values obtained were tabulated in a spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis (SPSS version 16.0SPSS.inc Chicago 1989 – 2 “007). Results: A higher percentage of both males (70.0%) and females (67.7%) were presented with normal sella. The second best sella presentation was the shallow sella in males (16.2%). The mean antero-posterior diameter was significantly higher in females (12.25 mm) than males (11.74 mm). The mean depth of sella turcica was greater in females (8.08 mm) than males (7.68mm). Discriminant function analysis was done with gender as a grouping variable and antero-posterior dimensions and sella depth as independent variables. The formula obtained was D = 0.452 (x) +0.295(y)-7.753. (Where “D” is the discriminant score “x” is antero-posterior diameter of sella “y” is sella depth).The present study revealed an overall accuracy rate of58.1% in identifying correct gender using sella measurements. Conclusion: The present study was the first of its kind in the South Indian population and has presented results that justify the use of sella turcica for sex determination

Locker Security System using Internet of Things

As a priority in today's society, security is of highest importance, and safeguarding our properties from intruders is no small task. The main objective of the offenders is to obtain valuable items kept in the locker. To address this issue, an Android application called Locker Security System uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor the locker's condition and enhance security. The project is based on ESP32 micro controller installed along with PIR sensor is implemented in the locker to detect the movement and magnetic switches to know whether the door is locked or unlocked, When the intruder opens the locker by force it detects the status of locker door using magnetic switch sensor and the motion of his hand inside the locker using PIR sensor, the data is uploaded to the firebase linked with the mobile app. If a burglary is detected it sends an alert notification message to the mobile immediately using twilio cloud and the buzzer is also rung in the mobile application. The PIR sensor can detect the motion accurately up to 6 metres .The further advancements would include equipping the locker with a camera. The locker would be equipped with a camera so that, in the event of an intrusion, it would record the intruder's image and send it to the user via the mobile application. The police can be informed about the burglary using the mobile application along with an image sent of the burglary

Role of mandibular canines in establishment of gender

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the maximum mesiodistal width of mandibular canines for establishing their variation as a tool to determine gender and to determine the accuracy of the measurements through clinical examination and dental cast models. Study design: A total of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) in the age group of 15–34 years were selected for the study. The maximum mesiodistal widths of the right and left mandibular canines were first measured intraorally and then on cast models of the same patients with the help of a divider and a digital vernier caliper. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and sexual dimorphism was calculated. Results: The mesiodistal width of the mandibular canines as determined by clinical examination and on plaster models was statistically insignificant. The mean canine widths were found to be higher in males when compared with females. The right mandibular canine showed a greater sexual dimorphism than the left mandibular canine. Conclusion: The present study established the mandibular canine as a valuable tool for sex determination

Water-Cycle-Algorithm-Tuned Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for Stability of Multi-Area Multi-Fuel Power System with Time Delays

In this paper, a fuzzy (F) proportional (P)–integral (I)–derivative (D) (PID) (FPID) controller optimized with a water cycle algorithm is proposed for load frequency control of a multi-area multi-fuel (MAMF) power system. The MAMF system has the realistic feature of communication time delays (CTDs), in order to conduct an analysis nearer to realistic practice. Initially, the MAMF system is analyzed when subjected to a step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% on area 1. The superiority of the fuzzy PID controller is revealed upon comparing it with PID plus double derivative (DD) (PIDD) and PID controllers. The MAMF system is investigated with and without CTDs, to demonstrate their impact on system performance. Later, an additional HVDC line is incorporated in parallel with the existing AC line for further enhancement of the system performance. Finally, the MAMF system is targeted with random loading to validate the robustness of the presented control scheme