La filosofía Lean Construction en la ejecución del edificio multifamiliar centrico – Breña

La filosofía Lean está orientada a la administración de la producción en la construcción y su principal objetivo es minimizar o eliminar todas las actividades que no agregan valor al proyecto y trata de optimizar las actividades que generan valor; se enfoca en crear herramientas específicas aplicadas al proceso de ejecución del proyecto. El presente informe trato sobre “La Filosofía Lean Construction en la ejecución del edificio multifamiliar Céntrico”, ubicado en el Distrito de Breña. Se describen los principales conceptos y herramientas de la filosofía lean, para lo cual se generó el siguiente problema de investigación ¿Cuál fue el Beneficio de la aplicación de la Filosofía Lean Construction, durante la etapa de ejecución del edificio multifamiliar Céntrico?, siendo el objetivo principal: Determinar el beneficio de la aplicación de la Filosofía Lean Construction durante la etapa de ejecución del edificio multifamiliar Céntrico. En este informe se utilizó la metodología descriptiva – explicativa; asimismo el Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS), el cual es un proceso de colaboración de todas las partes implicadas en un proyecto de construcción. - Se analizó y describió las herramientas aplicadas en el planeamiento, control y ejecución del proyecto. - Se describió el proceso constructivo. - Se hizo mediciones de productividad a nivel general, diferenciando los trabajos productivos (TP), trabajos contributorios (TC) y trabajos no contributorios (TNC). - Se realizó mediciones acerca del cumplimiento de las programaciones semanales mediante el PPC y se analizó las causas de incumplimiento para generar una lista de lecciones aprendidas que ayuden a mejorar continuamente. - Se comprobó el tiempo de ejecución y el ahorro que genera a la empresa. - Se verifico los resultados obtenidos y los beneficios que brinda la aplicación de esta filosofía en edificaciones

A pheromone lure for catching fall armyworm males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mexico

Moth sex pheromones can be used for monitoring or for control (e.g., mass trapping or mating disruption) of agricultural pests. However, pheromone application in field conditions requires that all crucial pheromonal components are included and optimized in a pheromone lure. In this study, we optimized a sex pheromone lure for monitoring Mexican populations from the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith. In corn fields, we evaluated the activity of single compounds, three binary blends, and one tertiary blend of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc). The results showed that the traps baited with a binary blend of Z7-12:Ac + Z9-14:Ac captured significantly more S. frugiperda males than single compounds, other binary blends or the tertiary blend. The absence of Z11-16:OAc in the blends did not significantly affect the capture of males, indicating that this compound is non-essential for male attraction in the field. We demonstrated that the dose of the binary blend of Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OAc influenced the catch rate of FAW males. The pheromone lure optimized in this study can be useful for capturing S. frugiperda in Mexico.Las feromonas sexuales de palomillas se pueden usar para monitoreo o control de plagas agrícolas (por ejemplo, trampeo masivo o interrupción del apareamiento). Sin embargo, la aplicación de feromonas en condiciones de campo requiere que los componentes feromonales activos estén incluidos y optimizados como un cebo feromonal. En este estudio, preparamos un señuelo con la feromona sexual para monitorear las poblaciones mexicanas del gusano cogollero, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Evaluamos la actividad de compuestos individuales, tres mezclas binarias y una mezcla terciaria de (Z)-7-dodecenil acetato (Z7-12: OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenil acetato (Z9-14: OAc) y acetato de (Z)-11-hexadecenilo (Z11-16: OAc), en cultivos de maíz. Los resultados mostraron que las trampas cebadas con una mezcla binaria de Z7-12: Ac + Z9-14: Ac capturaron significativamente más machos de S. frugiperda que los compuestos individuales, y que las otras mezclas binarias o la mezcla terciaria. La ausencia de Z11-16: OAc en la mezcla no afectó significativamente la captura de machos, lo que indica que este compuesto no es esencial para la atracción de machos en el campo. Encontramos que la dosis de la mezcla binaria de Z7-12:OAc y Z9-14:OAc influyó en la tasa de captura de machos del gusano cogollero. El señuelo de feromona optimizado en este estudio puede ser útil para capturar S. frugiperda en México

Sistema web utilizando el framework laravel para el proceso de distribución de confitería en la empresa productos del Piero E.I.R.L

El presente proyecto abarca la implementación de un sistema web utilizando framework Laravel para el proceso de distribución de confitería en la empresa Productos del Piero E.I.R.L., debido a que en la actualidad la empresa contaba con muchas deficiencias a las entregas de los pedidos y en la efectividad de despachos antes de realizar el sistema. Por lo que el objetivo de la investigación es determinar la influencia de un Sistema Web utilizando el framework laravel en el proceso de distribución de confitería en la empresa Productos del Piero E.I.R.L El sistema web fue desarrollado con la metodología OOHDM y con motor de base de datos MySQL donde optimiza las actividades diarias de los personales que están encargados en dicho proceso de distribución. A su vez, se utilizó la investigación aplicada, experimental y como diseño de investigación pre experimental. Por lo que, se añadió como indicadores el índice de efectividad de despachos que fue 26 fichas de registros en el transcurso del mes de Octubre y en el porcentaje de entregas perfectas fueron 26 fichas de registros en el mismo presente mes, además se utilizó la prueba de wilcoxon para los indicadores índice de efectividad de despachos y porcentaje de entregas perfectas, ya que ambos indicadores tenían la prueba menor a 50. Sin embargo, se demostró que el sistema web mejoro el proceso de distribución tanto en índice de efectividad de despachos y porcentaje de entregas perfectas de los pedidos en la empresa Productos del Piero E.I.R.L

Miradas colectivas de los departamentos del Huila y Tolima municipios de Garzón, Yaguará, Nàtaga, Ibagué

Desde la perspectiva de una mirada colectiva, evidenciamos la importancia de la Planificación Participativa, qué busca a través de un proceso de trasformación social y urbana favorecer el diálogo entre los estudiantes participantes, la ciudadanía y el ámbito social. De igual manera se hace evidente que un proyecto social resulta exitoso en la medida en que haya una participación ciudadana, que construya su propia visión sobre el problema que está viviendo en pro de una buena convivencia y bienestar integral. El presente trabajo expone el valor y necesidad de llevar a cabo acciones de responsabilidad social a través de la metodología de una intervención de la Psicología Comunitaria, tomando a la comunidad intervenida como el sujeto y objeto de dicha intervención y los efectos que dichas acciones generaran en la comunidad y en nosotros como profesionales responsables de cambio sociaFrom the perspective of a collective view, we highlight the importance of Participatory Planning, which seeks through a process of social and urban transformation to foster dialogue between participating students, citizenship and social environment. Likewise, it becomes evident that a social project is successful to the extent that there is citizen participation that builds its own vision on the problem that is living in favor of a good coexistence and integral well-being. The present work exposes the value and necessity of carrying out social responsibility actions through the methodology of an intervention of Community Psychology, taking the intervened community as the subject and object of said intervention and the effects that these actions generate in the community and in us as professionals responsible for social change

Management of Duodenal Injuries

The duodenum is mostly a retroperitoneal structure, composed by 4 segments (D1-D4) and surrounded by other vital organs like pancreas or great vessels. Injuries to this organ are rare and difficult to diagnose, with an incidence of 1–5% in cases of abdominal trauma. The most common causes of duodenal injuries are gunshot wounds and stabbing. Duodenal injuries are often associated with other organ injuries, thus delaying diagnosis in some cases and increasing the risk of complications. When diagnosed at optimum timing, it can be treated with relatively low mortality rates. Great number of repair techniques exist and the treatment of choice depends on the surgeon’s experience and hemodynamic stability of the patient, with the goal of preserving life and preventing a major complication such as leak or fistula. Outcomes are good, and the prognosis is tightly ligated to associated injuries, thus high index of suspicion and applying ATLS and surgery trauma principles are essential

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

Impact of HIV on mortality among patients treated for tuberculosis in Lima, Peru: a prospective cohort study

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis deaths have decreased worldwide over the past decade. We sought to evaluate the effect of HIV status on tuberculosis mortality among patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Lima, Peru, a low HIV prevalence setting. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients treated for tuberculosis between 2005 and 2008 in two adjacent health regions in Lima, Peru (Lima Ciudad and Lima Este). We constructed a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the effect of HIV status on mortality during tuberculosis treatment. Results: Of 1701 participants treated for tuberculosis, 136 (8.0 %) died during tuberculosis treatment. HIV-positive patients constituted 11.0 % of the cohort and contributed to 34.6 % of all deaths. HIV-positive patients were significantly more likely to die (25.1 vs. 5.9 %, P < 0.001) and less likely to be cured (28.3 vs. 39.4 %, P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, positive HIV status (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.06; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.96–9.27), unemployment (HR = 2.24; 95 % CI, 1.55–3.25), and sputum acid-fast bacilli smear positivity (HR = 1.91; 95 % CI, 1.10–3.31) were significantly associated with a higher hazard of death. Conclusions: We demonstrate that positive HIV status was a strong predictor of mortality among patients treated for tuberculosis in the early years after Peru started providing free antiretroviral therapy. As HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy provision are more widely implemented for tuberculosis patients in Peru, future operational research should document the changing profile of HIV-associated tuberculosis mortality

Lenguajeando mediación pedagógica

PublishedSi lo titulado anteriormente debiera ubicarse dentro de lo que la metodología tradicional considera como un ‘Resumen’, a continuación va entonces lo que en clave podría referirse sobre las ‘Palabras Clave’: brotes porque es lo que surge de las tierras, enacción quizá en el mejor sentido inglés de ‘to enact’, y rizomas en razón de los nacientes tejidos. Anotando al respecto que, si bien Deleuze (2005) acuñó el término en Francia en medio de sus referentes biológicos, es aquí en nuestra denominada Latinoamérica donde los rizomas los hemos ‘platanizado’. Porque aquí los hemos vivenciado y encontrado, hurgando con los dedos entre la tierra. A veces árida y en espera de las gotas de lluvia

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools1,2, sequester carbon3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change5,6. Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species7, constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species