Observations of the Current Sheet Heating in X-ray during a Solar Flare

In the solar corona, magnetic reconnection occurs due to the finite resistivity of the plasma. At the same time, resistivity leads to ohmic heating. Therefore, the reconnecting current sheet should heat the surrounding plasma. This paper presents experimental evidence of such plasma heating caused by magnetic reconnection. We observed the effect during a C1.4 solar flare on 16 February 2003 at the active region NOAA 10278, near the solar limb. Thanks to such a location, we successfully identified all the principal elements of the flare: the flare arcade, the fluxrope, and, most importantly, the presumed position of the current sheet. By analyzing the monochromatic X-ray images of the Sun obtained by the CORONAS-F/SPIRIT instrument in the Mg XII 8.42 A spectral line, we detected a high-temperature ($T \geq$ 4 MK) emission at the predicted location of the current sheet. The high-temperature emission appeared during the CME impulsive acceleration phase. We believe that this additionally confirms that the plasma heating around the current sheet and magnetic reconnection inside the current sheet are strongly connected

Analisis Pengaruh Service Quality Terhadap Customer Retention

The purpose of this study was to analyze service quality like “tangibles, reliability, ressponsiveness, assurance, empathy” and food quality to customer retention in KFC Solo Square. The design of this study is survey and a confirmatory study. The population in this study are all consumers KFC Solo Square. The research sample of 100 respondents. The sampling method used non probability sampling with purposive sampling approach that the sampling design in which elements in the population do not have opportunities to be selected into the sample are known. Methods of data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that service quality has positive effect on customer retention. The higher service quality offered KFC Solo Square increasing effect customer retention. This means that with increased service quality such as cleanliness and neatness of the employees, the products are standardized and reliable, served quickly and precisely to order, able to evoke consumer confidence in purchasing products and result in increased customer retention. Food quality positive effect on customer retention. That is, the higher the quality of food served increasing higher customer retention. This means that the food was more delicious menu, pay attention to nutrition food offered, more fresh food provided, creating the smell of food that is able to arouse consumer tastes, then the presentation of the food is made more attractive

KORTES Mission for Solar Activity Monitoring Onboard International Space Station

peer reviewedWe present a description of the recent advances in the development of the KORTES assembly—the first solar oriented mission designed for the Russian segment of the International Space Station. KORTES consists of several imaging and spectroscopic instruments collectively covering a wide spectral range extending from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths to X-rays. The EUV telescopes inside KORTES will trace the origin and dynamics of various solar phenomena, e.g., flares, CMEs, eruptions etc. EUV spectra provided by grazing-incidence spectroheliographs will enable precise DEM-diagnostics during these events. The monochromatic X-ray imager will observe the formation of hot plasma in active regions and outside them. The SolpeX module inside KORTES will offer an opportunity to measure fluxes, Doppler shifts and polarization of soft X-ray emission both in lines and continuum. SolpeX observations will contribute to studies of particle beams and chromospheric evaporation. The instrumentation of KORTES will employ a variety of novel multilayer and crystal optics. The deployment of KORTES is planned for 2024

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta