The Effect of Co Incorporation on the CO Oxidation Activity of LaFe1−xCoxO3 Perovskites

Perovskite oxides are versatile materials due to their wide variety of compositions of- fering promising catalytic properties, especially in oxidation reactions. In the presented study, LaFe1−xCoxO3 perovskites were synthesized by hydroxycarbonate precursor co-precipitation and thermal decomposition thereof. Precursor and calcined materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The calcined catalysts were in addition studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 physisorption. The obtained perovskites were applied as catalysts in transient CO oxidation, and in operando studies of CO oxidation in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A pronounced increase in activity was already observed by incorporating 5% cobalt into the structure, which contin- ued, though not linearly, at higher loadings. This could be most likely due to the enhanced redox properties as inferred by H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). Catalysts with higher Co contents showing higher activities suffered less from surface deactivation related to carbonate poisoning. Despite the similarity in the crystalline structures upon Co incorporation, we observed a different promotion or suppression of various carbonate-related bands, which could indicate different surface properties of the catalysts, subsequently resulting in the observed non-linear CO oxidation activity trend at higher Co contents

Dynamics of Reactive Oxygen Species on Cobalt-Containing Spinel Oxides in Cyclic CO Oxidation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be responsible for the high catalytic activity of transition metal oxides like Co3-xFexO4 in oxidation reactions, but the detailed influences of catalyst composition and morphology on the formation of these reactive oxygen species are not fully understood. In the presented study, Co3O4 spinels of different mesostructures, i.e., particle size, crystallinity, and specific surface area, are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and physisorption. The materials were tested in CO oxidation performed in consecutive runs and compared to a Co3-xFexO4 composition series with a similar mesostructure to study the effects of catalyst morphology and composition on ROS formation. In the first run, the CO conversion was observed to be dominated by the exposed surface area for the pure Co-spinels, while a negative effect of Fe content in the spinels was seen. In the following oxidation run, a U-shaped conversion curve was observed for materials with high surface area, which indicated the in situ formation of ROS on those materials that were responsible for the new activity at low temperature. This activation was not stable at the higher reaction temperature but was confirmed after temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). However, no activation after the first run was observed for low-surface-area and highly crystalline materials, and the lowest surface-area material was not even activated after TPO. Among the catalyst series studied here, a correlation of small particle size and large surface area with the ability for ROS formation is presented, and the benefit of a nanoscaled catalyst is discussed. Despite the generally negative effect of Fe, the highest relative activation was observed at intermediate Fe contents suggesting that Fe may be involved in ROS formation

Jahrbuch des Archivs der deutschen Jugendbewegung. Erster Band

Das Archiv der deutschen Jugendbewegung dokumentiert seine Arbeit sowie die Beiträge von Tagungen seines Freundes- und Förderkreises. Im vorliegenden Band werden im Anschluss an eine grundsätzlich Klärung des Begriffes "Jugendbewegung" Verbindungen zwischen dieser mit der Musikpädagogik am Beispiel August Halms, mit der Kunst am Beispiel des Expressionismus sowie mit der Pädagogik am Beispiel Gustav Wynekens untersucht. Aus dem Archiv berichten der "Freundeskreis" und der wissenschaftliche Bearbeiter; außerdem werden das Kunstarchiv und der Nachlass von Eberhard Koebel-tusk vorgestellt. Abschließend werden die Neuerscheinungen der Jahre 1966 bis 1968 zum Thema "Jugendbewegung" aufgeführt

From pole to pole : 33 years of physical oceanography onboard R/V Polarstern

Measuring temperature and salinity profiles in the world's oceans is crucial to understanding ocean dynamics and its influence on the heat budget, the water cycle, the marine environment and on our climate. Since 1983 the German research vessel and icebreaker Polarstern has been the platform of numerous CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth instrument) deployments in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a unique data collection spanning 33 years of polar CTD data. In total 131 data sets (1 data set per cruise leg) containing data from 10 063 CTD casts are now freely available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.860066. During this long period five CTD types with different characteristics and accuracies have been used. Therefore the instruments and processing procedures (sensor calibration, data validation, etc.) are described in detail. This compilation is special not only with regard to the quantity but also the quality of the data -the latter indicated for each data set using defined quality codes. The complete data collection includes a number of repeated sections for which the quality code can be used to investigate and evaluate long-term changes. Beginning with 2010, the salinity measurements presented here are of the highest quality possible in this field owing to the introduction of the OPTIMARE Precision Salinometer.Peer reviewe

ARIA 2016 : Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA-disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally-is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.Peer reviewe

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Poly(p-phenylene)s with Pendant Dendrons And Linear Chains

The Suzuki polycondensation of the amphiphilically equipped dibromobenzene derivatives 8 and 11 with benzene diboronic acid ester 12 to the new kind of polymeric amphiphiles 13 and 14 is described. They carry at each repeat unit either a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic dendron with oligoethyleneoxy chains (13) or a hydrophobic third generation Frechet-type dendron and an oligoethyleneoxy chain (14). Some aspects of the behavior of these four compounds at the air/water interface and on mica are also reported

Predictive Factors of Mortality After PEG Insertion: Guidance for Clinical Practice

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is considered the preferred route for long-term enteral feeding. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of an increased mortality risk after PEG insertion. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted during a 13-year period in the gastroenterology department of Erlangen University Hospital. The authors completed a questionnaire with details of demographic data, diagnosis, indication for PEG, type of tube, and cause of death. Patients were contacted regularly at scheduled appointments. Results: In total, 787 patients (574 male [72.9%]) underwent PEG placement by the pull technique. The main underlying disease was malignant (75.6%). By the end of the study period, 614 patients had died. The average survival time was 720 days. The 30-, 60-, 90-day and 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality rates amounted to 6.5%, 9.8%, 13%, 32.1%, 59.3%, and 69.8%, respectively. Predictive factors of increased 30-day mortality were higher age, lower body mass index (BMI), and the presence of diabetes mellitus. The presence of all 3 variables served as an indicator to detect high-risk patients, with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.64. Conclusion: Mortality predictors for patients after PEG insertion are higher age, lower BMI, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. To avoid unnecessary and dangerous examinations in high-risk patients, the above-mentioned predictive factors of mortality should be checked before PEG placement

Radiotherapy and newly approved cancer drugs – A quantitative analysis of registered protocols for drugs approved for the treatment of solid tumors

Background/purpose: To evaluate the usage of RT in trial protocols for anti-cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methods: Drugs which had been granted an FDA approval between 2010 and 2017 for the treatment of solid tumors in adults were identified. Use of RT in relation to each drug's approval date was reviewed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: Out of 42 drugs, none was initially approved for an indication which mandates RT. One drug (2.4%) has a post-approval label extension for sequential usage after RT. 5846 records were screened, exclusion of non-cancer trials and duplicates resulted in 4254 protocols out of which 2919 were industry-sponsored (68.6%). RT was tested in 350 (8.2%) studies. Out of 75 drug/RT trials which were initiated prior to approval, fourteen had not yet started recruitment, 45 were recruiting, one was completed, one prematurely terminated and fourteen fully-recruited but ongoing at approval time. Out of the fully-recruited or completed studies, results from four studies on three drugs were already published. In 52.4% of drugs, no patient had been treated with a drug/RT combination at the approval date. Drug/RT studies were less likely industry-sponsored (p < 0.001) and more likely initiated post-approval (p < 0.001) compared to drug-only trials. Despite this imbalance, pre-approval drug/RT trials were still mostly industry-sponsored (65.3%). Conclusion: No drug/RT data were publicly available in over 90% of newly approved anti-cancer drugs. These results indicate that clinicians must rely on postmarketing surveillance to identify drug/RT interactions as data from trials are unavailable at approval