Fast charging diversity impact on total harmonic distortion due to phase cancellation effect: Fast Charger's testing experimental results

Full charging cycles were performed in the studied chargers and THDV and THDI were observed. From the measurements it can be observed that the phase angles vary within a preferential range, i.e. remain within a range which is actually <90˚of amplitude. Two of the Chargers, working individually, failed to comply with the standards. Charger A barely makes it in terms of TDD and Charger C is out of the limit. In terms of individual harmonics also Charger A and Charger C are out of the limit of 4.5% for the 11th and 13th harmonics. The next step of the research will be to obtain the statistical distribution of each of the phase angles for all Chargers and perform simulations with different scenarios. Results so far suggest that stand alone Chargers with low short circuit values are recommended to have filters <13% THD.JRC.C.3-Energy Security, Distribution and Market

Estratégias internacionais: aplicação da tipologia de Bartlett e Ghoshal ao caso do sector energético português

Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialEsta dissertação analisa as três grandes empresas portuguesas do sector energético face à tipologia de organização de Bartlett e Ghoshal (1989, 2000). Com a liberalização recente deste mercado e as iniciativas de internacionalização das empresas no contexto da Nova Economia, questiona-se, a similaridade das estratégias internacionais entre as empresas e averigua-se as razões da sua convergência ou divergência. Fazendo uma revisão da literatura inicial, explorou-se as dimensões apresentadas pelos autores de referência. As variáveis estratégicas, flexibilidade, eficiência e aprendizagem constituíram a base conceptual para enquadramento das empresas estudadas. Adoptou-se uma análise qualitativa para o desenvolvimento do estudo da EDP, REN e GALP, sendo que esta foi constituída por duas componentes. Uma primeira baseada em desk-research e, numa fase posterior uma segunda baseada em trabalho de campo, no respeito pela estratégia de investigação adoptada de estudos de caso. A GALP e a EDP foram empresas que corresponderam bem ao modelo. Foi demonstrada por ambas as empresas, a preferência pela eficiência e flexibilidade na implementação da sua estratégia enquadrando-se em Internacional. Relativamente à REN, descobriu-se que a perspectiva dos autores não foi suficiente para enquadrá-la na tipologia, apesar desta, numa base de conceitos que moldam a Nova Economia, ter um pensamento e uma actividade Internacional. Inesperadamente esta última empresa, acabou por ser motivo de questionamento do conceito de empresa internacional, pelo que, na discussão se desenvolve uma ampliação da tipologia de estratégias de internacionalização, com sugestão de dimensões de análise para a mesma. A nova tipologia pretende definir empresas com um referencial de actuação em rede, que atribuam um peso diferente à dimensão estratégica do conhecimento e aprendizagem na sua actividade.This thesis analyses the three main Portuguese companies of the energy sector, based on the Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) organizational typology. With the recent liberalization of this sector and the initiatives of internationalization by these companies in the context of the New Economy, it is questioned, the similarity of the international strategies between them and the reasons of its convergence or divergence. Starting with a literature revision one explored the dimensions presented by the authors of reference. The strategy variables, flexibility, efficiency and learning constituted the conceptual base for framing the studied companies. It was chosen a qualitative method of analysis, for the development of EDP, REN and GALP studies. This was separated in two components. The first based on a desk-research and a subsequent stage with field work, addressing directly the companies. Regarding such an approach strategy, a case study was developed for each company. GALP and EDP were companies who corresponded well to the model. It was demonstrated by both companies, the preference for efficiency and flexibility in the implementation of its strategy, hence, both companies were fit in the International strategy. Concerning REN, one uncovered that the authors' perspective was not enough for fitting a strategy from the typology, for it was not an eligible international company to start with, despite having an International thought, considering a base of concepts that define the New Economy. Unexpectedly this last company, ended up by questioning the concept of international company itself, and the need for a new conceptual framework. As a result, an upgrade of the authors' typology is presented, with suggestion for dimensions of analysis. The new typology aims to define companies with a referential on relationship networks activity, who attribute a different weight to knowledge strategy dimension and learning component in its activity

An experimental approach for assessing the harmonic impact of fast charging electric vehicles on the distribution systems

Fast charging is seen by users as a preferential way for electric vehicles (EV) to extend average daily mobility. Fast chargers rated power, their expected operation mostly during peak hours and clustering in designated stations, raise significant concerns. On one hand it raises concerns about power quality standard requirements, especially harmonic distortion due to the use of power electronics connecting to high loads typically ranging from 18-24 kWh, and on the other hand infrastructure dimensioning and design for those investing on such facilities. We performed four sets of measurements during an EV complete fast charging cycles and analysed individual harmonic’s amplitude and phase angles behaviour and calculated the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) and Total Demand Distortion (TDD) comparing it with IEEE519, IEC 61000/EN50160 standards. Additionally, we simulated, two vehicles being fast charged while connected to the same feeder, and analysed how the harmonic phase angles would relate. We concluded that the use of TDD was a better indicator than THD since the first one uses the maximum current (IL) and the latter uses the fundamental current, sometimes misleading conclusions, hence suggested to be included in IEC/EN standard updates. Voltage THD and TDD for the analysed charger, were within the standards limitations 1.2% and 12% respectively, however individual harmonics (11th and 13th ) failed to comply with the 5.5% limit in IEEE 519 (5% and 3% respectively in IEC61000). Phase angles tended to have preferential range differences from the fundamental. We found that the average difference between the same harmonic order phase angles, are lower than 90°, meaning that when more than one vehicle is connected to the same feeder the amplitudes will tend to add. Since the limits are dependable on the upstream short circuit current (ISC), if the number of vehicles increase (i.e. IL), the standard limits will decrease and eventually are broken. The harmonic limitation is hence a first binding condition, well before the power limitation is. The number of chargers will be limited first not by the power capacity of the upstream power circuit but by the harmonic limits for electric pollution.JRC.F.3-Energy Security, Systems and Marke

Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory

The Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory in Petten was inaugurated on 29/11/2018. The Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory is designed to foster a common European approach to interoperable digital energy, focussing on the smart home, community and city levels. The facility in Petten is part of a larger activity of the Joint Research Centre, as the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, encompassing electric vehicles, smart grids and batteries. The activities in 2019 are highlighted in this report.JRC.C.3-Energy Security, Distribution and Market

Smart grid interoperability testing methodology

Smart grid interoperability is an important enabling aspect of electricity technology deployments. It involves all parts of the smart grid from generation to transmission and from distribution to consumption. Testing interoperability requires producing detailed test cases describing how smart grid components are intended to interact with each other. A systematic approach for developing smart grid interoperability tests may facilitate the dissemination of innovative solutions, the stability and resilience of the smart grid. This report provides an analysis of the methods applicable to smart grid interoperability tests. It comprises the body of methods and principles associated with smart grid interoperability and it proposes a methodology offering theoretical underpinning to the necessary set of methods and best practices for developing successfully smart grid interoperability testing specifications.JRC.C.3-Energy Security, Distribution and Market

A aventura crítica da semiótica

The critical adventure of semiotics courses through the main theses about semiotics and communication that have been discussed during the first stage of the research Critical Semiotics: Towards a theory of materialities in communication. In it, the Semiotics and Communication Cultures Research Group (GPESC) discussed the potentialities and limits of a communicational perspective not only based on the founding works of semiotic research (Saussure, Peirce) and developed in its structuralist models (Jakobson, Barthes, Hjelmslev, Lotman), but also revisited by ideas that deconstructed structuralism through the postulates of this very structuralism (Derrida, Kristeva, Deleuze, Guattari). The paper presents this suggestion by means of ten deconstructions related to concepts and theoretical problems which are key to the debate around the materialities of communication: semiotics, communication, materialities, presence, phenomenon, representamen, mediums, sign and significant, structure and system. In so doing, it suggests a move from materialities towards the immanence of a micropolitical and post- human communication.A aventura crítica da semiótica percorre as principais teses sobre a semiótica e a comunicação conforme trabalhadas na primeira etapa da pesquisa Semiótica Crítica, denominada Por uma teoria das materialidades na comunicação. Nela, o Grupo de Pesquisa Semiótica e Culturas da Comunicação procurou discutir as potencialidades e limites de uma perspectiva comunicacional não somente fundamentada nos trabalhos fundadores da semiótica (Saussure, Peirce) e desenvolvida em seus modelos estruturalistas (como em Jakobson, Barthes, Hjelmslev e Lotman), mas também revisitada pelos textos que operaram uma desconstrução do estruturalismo pelo interior dos postulados deste próprio estruturalismo (Derrida, Kristeva, Deleuze, Guattari). O artigo apresenta esta proposta pelos modos como a pesquisa trabalhou com dez desconstruções ligadas a conceitos e problemas teóricos centrais ao debate das materialidades da comunicação: semiótica, comunicação, materialidades, presença, fenômeno, representâmen, meios, signo e significante, estrutura e sistema, sugerindo uma passagem das materialidades à imanência de uma comunicação micropolítica e pós-humana

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011