Le schéma conceptuel comme un outil d’apprentissage et d’évaluation

Cet atelier a pour but d’échanger et de créer des schémas ainsi que des cartes conceptuelles, qui sont d’excellents outils d’apprentissage. Au cours des dernières années, nous les avons testés dans nos pratiques d’enseignement et dans nos examens. Nous ferons un petit détour théorique avant d’entrer dans le vif du sujet par la présentation de quelques logiciels qui permettent de créer ses propres schémas

L'intégration socioculturelle des réfugiés par une approche interactionniste : le cas des Colombiens au Québec

L'organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) estime à deux cent quatorze millions de migrants dans le monde en 2008. À partir de ce constat, nous nous sommes intéressés à une catégorie spécifique : celle des réfugiés (aujourd'hui estimés à plus de 15,2 millions). Les migrations sont souvent le résultat de politiques différentes pour chaque pays. Ce mémoire questionne l'intégration des réfugiés dans leur société d'accueil d'un point de vue sociologique. La question sous jacente est de savoir comment ces populations déplacées s'intègrent dans leur société d'accueil. Pour mettre en lumière notre question, nous avons ciblé un groupe en particulier : les réfugiés colombiens au Québec. C'est ainsi que ce travail de recherche aura pour objectif par une approche interactionniste et des outils ethnométhodologiques d'observer comment ces populations déplacées s'intègrent dans leur société d'accueil. Nous avons mis l'accent sur les interactions socioculturelles pour pouvoir mieux comprendre le ressenti de ces réfugiés dans un modèle d'intégration interculturelle. La question centrale de notre étude est de savoir quelles sont les interactions socioculturelles entre les réfugiés colombiens et l'ensemble de la société québécoise. Quelles sont-elles? Comment s'organisent-elles? Quels en sont les principaux facteurs (tel que la langue, le sport...)? Quelles sont les principales difficultés rencontrées par les réfugiés colombiens une fois sur le sol québécois? De quelle manière l'interculturalisme influence t-il les interactions? Notre problématique aura donc pour but de mieux saisir ces interactions et de comprendre le lien entre la théorie ct la pratique; à l'image du sociologue américain Anselm Strauss « de construire un pont au dessus du gouffre semblant séparer les études à grande et à petite échelle » (Strauss, 1992, p.13). Pour cela, nous avons fait treize entrevues en profondeur, sept à Montréal et six à Québec afin de dégager les principales caractéristiques de ces interactions et de pouvoir ainsi éviter la dichotomie entre « micro » et « macro ».\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Immigrations forcées, conflit armé, intégration socioculturelle, approche interactionniste, microsociologie, politiques publiques d'intégration, macrosociologie, Canada, Québec, Colombie

Integrative epigenomics in Sjögren´s syndrome reveals novel pathways and a strong interaction between the HLA, autoantibodies and the interferon signature

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

O31 Integrative analysis reveals a molecular stratification of systemic autoimmune diseases

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COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men