Samuel Bogumił Linde Toruniowi

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Quantifying the robustness of first arrival dates as a measure of avian migratory phenology

As the climate changes, many long-term studies have shown that the timing of bird migration is shifting, increasing the need for reliable measures of migratory phenology. Ideally, daily counts of birds at a site are used to calculate the mean arrival date (MAD) but, as this approach is not always possible and is very labour-intensive, simpler metrics such as first arrival date (FAD) have commonly been used. Here, we examine the relationship between FAD and MAD in 28 summer migrant bird species over a 42-year period (1970–2011) at Portland Bird Observatory, UK. Although significant correlations between FAD and MAD were detected, relationships were weak, particularly in long-distance migrants. We suggest that FAD, although a simple and straightforward measure, is not particularly robust as a proxy for overall migratory phenology at a population level

Updating known distribution models for forecasting climate change impact on endangered species

To plan endangered species conservation and to design adequate management programmes, it is necessary to predict their distributional response to climate change, especially under the current situation of rapid change. However, these predictions are customarily done by relating de novo the distribution of the species with climatic conditions with no regard of previously available knowledge about the factors affecting the species distribution. We propose to take advantage of known species distribution models, but proceeding to update them with the variables yielded by climatic models before projecting them to the future. To exemplify our proposal, the availability of suitable habitat across Spain for the endangered Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata) was modelled by updating a pre-existing model based on current climate and topography to a combination of different general circulation models and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Our results suggested that the main threat for this endangered species would not be climate change, since all forecasting models show that its distribution will be maintained and increased in mainland Spain for all the XXI century. We remark on the importance of linking conservation biology with distribution modelling by updating existing models, frequently available for endangered species, considering all the known factors conditioning the species’ distribution, instead of building new models that are based on climate change variables only.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER (project CGL2009-11316/BOS

Temporal shifts and temperature sensitivity of avian spring migratory phenology:A phylogenetic meta-analysis

There are wide reports of advances in the timing of spring migration of birds over time and in relation to rising temperatures, though phenological responses vary substantially within and among species. An understanding of the ecological, life-history and geographic variables that predict this intra- and interspecific variation can guide our projections of how populations and species are likely to respond to future climate change. Here, we conduct phylogenetic meta-analyses addressing slope estimates of the timing of avian spring migration regressed on (i) year and (ii) temperature, representing a total of 413 species across five continents. We take into account slope estimation error and examine phylogenetic, ecological and geographic predictors of intra- and interspecific variation. We confirm earlier findings that on average birds have significantly advanced their spring migration time by 2·1 days per decade and 1·2 days °C−1. We find that over time and in response to warmer spring conditions, short-distance migrants have advanced spring migratory phenology by more than long-distance migrants. We also find that larger bodied species show greater advance over time compared to smaller bodied species. Our results did not reveal any evidence that interspecific variation in migration response is predictable on the basis of species' habitat or diet. We detected a substantial phylogenetic signal in migration time in response to both year and temperature, suggesting that some of the shifts in migratory phenological response to climate are predictable on the basis of phylogeny. However, we estimate high levels of species and spatial variance relative to phylogenetic variance, which is consistent with plasticity in response to climate evolving fairly rapidly and being more influenced by adaptation to current local climate than by common descent. On average, avian spring migration times have advanced over time and as spring has become warmer. While we are able to identify predictors that explain some of the true among-species variation in response, substantial intra- and interspecific variation in migratory response remains to be explained

Scottish Nationalism in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Century - Its Essence, Evolution and Consequences for the Political and Legal System

Wydział Prawa i AdministracjiPrzedmiotem badań są kwestie z zakresu prawa, myśli politycznej, politologii, a do pewnego stopnia także socjologii i historii Szkocji. Rozprawa pozwala określić charakter nacjonalizmu szkockiego w XX i XXI wieku ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Szkockiej Partii Narodowej jako politycznej reprezentacji tej ideologii. Nacjonaliści postulują odnowienie szkockiej państwowości, co starają się osiągnąć w ramach brytyjskiego systemu politycznego, poprzez instytucje wyborów i referendum; akceptują standardy liberalnej demokracji, które mają znaleźć wyraz w konstytucji niepodległej Szkocji; odwołują się do narodu szkockiego jako wspólnoty politycznej (opartej na zasadzie obywatelstwa). Jedyne odwołania do narodu szkockiego jako wspólnoty o charakterze tożsamościowym dotyczą przekonań i wyobrażeń o charakterze inkluzyjnym. Szkocka i brytyjska tożsamość narodowa nie są skrajnie konkurencyjne, co utrudnia nawiązywanie do kwestii kulturowych i etnicznych. Przed ustanowieniem Parlamentu Szkockiego i Rządu Szkockiego w 1998 roku nacjonalizm szkocki nie był liczącą się ideologią. Późniejsze sukcesy polityczne nacjonalistów początkowo nie miały wiele wspólnego z poparciem dla nacjonalizmu. Ideologia ta stała się bardziej atrakcyjna głównie dzięki umiejętnemu powiązaniu kwestii społeczno-gospodarczych z niepodległością Szkocji, dzięki czemu projekt polityczny nacjonalistów zyskał na wiarygodności.This dissertation analyses issues of the law, political thought, politics and, to some extent, sociology and history of Scotland. It depicts the character of Scottish nationalism in the twentieth and twenty-first century, focusing on the Scottish National Party as the political representation of the ideology. The Scottish nationalists aim to restore the Scottish statehood within the British political system using the institutions of elections and referenda. They accept the standards of liberal democracy, which are to be reflected in the independent Scotland's constitution; they appeal to the Scottish nation as a political community (based on the citizenship rule.) The only references to the Scottish nation as a community of identity concern the beliefs and ideas inclusive in nature. The Scottish and British national identities are not extremely competitive, increasing the difficulty in referring to cultural and ethnic issues. Before the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Government in 1998, Scottish nationalism had not been a major ideology. The Scottish nationalists' later political successes initially had little to do with support for nationalism. The ideology has since become more attractive due to the adept linking of the socio-economic issues to Scotland's independence, increasing the credibility of the Scottish nationalists' political project

Z badań nad księgozbiorem prywatnym Samuela Bogumiła Lindego

On the research of Samuel Bogumił Linde’s private book collection The inventory of Samuel Bogumił Linde’s possessions taken in September 1847 after his death included books: 1024 works in 1328 volumes. The inventory did not include a detailed list of books, just a general number of works and volumes in eleven language groups and their value. All the books from the inventory were sold. Some of them 260 works in 289 volumes were purchased by the Library of the University of Warsaw and catalogued in 1855. The author undertook the effort of identifying the books from Linde’s private collection shelved till today in the University Library in Warsaw. Linde did not mark his books and left no traces of having read them, therefore the only indication that a particular book comes from his collection is the price, corresponding to the entry in the inventory from 1855, written in pencil on the cover, inside the cover or on the title page. The author succeeded in identifying 125 works, i.e. 48.1% of the books entered in the inventory in 1855, which constitutes 12.2% of the books entered in the inventory taken after Linde’s death. S.B. Linde collected book ever since his university days in Leipzig. He worked for 40 years in libraries, heading them Jozef Maksymilian Ossoliński’s library, the library in the Lyceum in Warsaw, Public Library at the University of Warsaw and treated their collections as his own. He acquired books for his private library, buying them, also in subscription, and receiving as gifts, frequently with printed or handwritten dedications. A Russian historian, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, for several years offered to buy Linde’s library, mainly the manuscript of Comparative Dictionary of Slavic Languages.On the research of Samuel Bogumił Linde’s private book collection The inventory of Samuel Bogumił Linde’s possessions taken in September 1847 after his death included books: 1024 works in 1328 volumes. The inventory did not include a detailed list of books, just a general number of works and volumes in eleven language groups and their value. All the books from the inventory were sold. Some of them 260 works in 289 volumes were purchased by the Library of the University of Warsaw and catalogued in 1855. The author undertook the effort of identifying the books from Linde’s private collection shelved till today in the University Library in Warsaw. Linde did not mark his books and left no traces of having read them, therefore the only indication that a particular book comes from his collection is the price, corresponding to the entry in the inventory from 1855, written in pencil on the cover, inside the cover or on the title page. The author succeeded in identifying 125 works, i.e. 48.1% of the books entered in the inventory in 1855, which constitutes 12.2% of the books entered in the inventory taken after Linde’s death. S.B. Linde collected book ever since his university days in Leipzig. He worked for 40 years in libraries, heading them Jozef Maksymilian Ossoliński’s library, the library in the Lyceum in Warsaw, Public Library at the University of Warsaw and treated their collections as his own. He acquired books for his private library, buying them, also in subscription, and receiving as gifts, frequently with printed or handwritten dedications. A Russian historian, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, for several years offered to buy Linde’s library, mainly the manuscript of Comparative Dictionary of Slavic Languages

Tomasz Ujazdowski 1796–1836 — pedagog, publicysta, wydawca, „starożytnik”, miłośnik książek i zabytków przeszłości, działacz polityczny

TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI 1796–1836 — PEDAGOG, PUBLICYSTA, WYDAWCA, „STAROŻYTNIK”, MIŁOŚNIK KSIĄŻEK I ZABYTKÓW PRZESZŁOŚCI, DZIAŁACZ POLITYCZNYBiografia Ujazdowskiego. Pierwsze publikacje. Redagowanie „Pamiętnika Sandomierskiego”.Publicystyka czasu powstania listopadowego „Tandeciarz”. Redagowanie „Rozmaitości Krakowskich”. Pomnik rycerstwa polskiego z wieku XV. Prywatny księgozbiór Ujazdowskiego i kolekcjonerstwo zabytków przeszłości.TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI 1796–1836 — A TEACHER, JOURNALIST, PUBLISHER, “ANTIQUARIAN”, LOVER OF BOOKS AND ANTIQUITIES, POLITICAL ACTIVISTTomasz Ujazdowski was born in 1796 in Vilnius. In 1812 he graduated from a school in Węgrów. The need to become financially independent prompted him to join the Piarist Order in Opole Lubelskie, where he took his perpetual vows. After completing his studies in Opole and Warsaw in 1817, he began to work as a teacher in Piarist-run schools. In 1819 he began his efforts to have his vows annulled. Despite the consent of his order’s authorities, we was not released. He started a family. His longest stint as a teacher was in the regional school in Kielce 1822–1826, from where he was transferred to the regional school in Kalisz. In the summer of 1827 he was dismissed and excluded from the teaching profession. In 1828–1830 we worked in the Public Library at the University of Warsaw. During the November Uprising he was active in the Patriotic Society. In 1826 he began to publish short articles in the Warsaw press about Polish monuments he encountered during his travels. He continued writing about them in Pamiętnik Sandomierski, a quarterly he published 1829–1830. He also included there old literary works as well as documents and articles concerning the regions of Podlasie, Sandomierz, Kraków and Kalisz. During the uprising he published a satirical magazine, Tandeciarz, where he fi ercely denounced traitors and those reluctant to fight against the partitioner. He used contemporary and old works, particularly those from the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the uprising he moved to Kraków, where he was most likely involved in illegal patriotic activities. In 1836 he was deported to Trieste, where he died.</jats:p

Tomasz Ujazdowski (1796–1836) — pedagog, publicysta, wydawca, „starożytnik”, miłośnik książek i zabytków przeszłości, działacz polityczny

TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI (1796–1836) — PEDAGOG, PUBLICYSTA, WYDAWCA, „STAROŻYTNIK”, MIŁOŚNIK KSIĄŻEK I ZABYTKÓW PRZESZŁOŚCI, DZIAŁACZ POLITYCZNY Biografia Ujazdowskiego. Pierwsze publikacje. Redagowanie „Pamiętnika Sandomierskiego”.Publicystyka czasu powstania listopadowego „Tandeciarz”. Redagowanie „Rozmaitości Krakowskich”. Pomnik rycerstwa polskiego z wieku XV. Prywatny księgozbiór Ujazdowskiego i kolekcjonerstwo zabytków przeszłości. &nbsp; TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI 1796–1836 — A TEACHER, JOURNALIST, PUBLISHER, “ANTIQUARIAN”, LOVER OF BOOKS AND ANTIQUITIES, POLITICAL ACTIVIST Tomasz Ujazdowski was born in 1796 in Vilnius. In 1812 he graduated from a school in Węgrów. The need to become fi nancially independent prompted him to join the Piarist Order in Opole Lubelskie, where he took his perpetual vows. After completing his studies in Opole and Warsaw in 1817, he began to work as a teacher in Piarist-run schools. In 1819 he began his efforts to have his vows annulled. Despite the consent of his order’s authorities, we was not released. He started a family. His longest stint as a teacher was in the regional school in Kielce 1822–1826, from where he was transferred to the regional school in Kalisz. In the summer of 1827 he was dismissed and excluded from the teaching profession. In 1828–1830 we worked in the Public Library at the University of Warsaw. During the November Uprising he was active in the Patriotic Society. In 1826 he began to publish short articles in the Warsaw press about Polish monuments he encountered during his travels. He continued writing about them in Pamiętnik Sandomierski, a quarterly he published 1829–1830. He also included there old literary works as well as documents and articles concerning the regions of Podlasie, Sandomierz, Kraków and Kalisz. During the uprising he published a satirical magazine, Tandeciarz, where he fi ercely denounced traitors and those reluctant to fight against the partitioner. He used contemporary and old works, particularly those from the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the uprising he moved to Kraków, where he was most likely involved in illegal patriotic activities. In 1836 he was deported to Trieste, where he died. &nbsp;TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI (1796–1836) — PEDAGOG, PUBLICYSTA, WYDAWCA, „STAROŻYTNIK”, MIŁOŚNIK KSIĄŻEK I ZABYTKÓW PRZESZŁOŚCI, DZIAŁACZ POLITYCZNY Biografia Ujazdowskiego. Pierwsze publikacje. Redagowanie „Pamiętnika Sandomierskiego”.Publicystyka czasu powstania listopadowego „Tandeciarz”. Redagowanie „Rozmaitości Krakowskich”. Pomnik rycerstwa polskiego z wieku XV. Prywatny księgozbiór Ujazdowskiego i kolekcjonerstwo zabytków przeszłości. TOMASZ UJAZDOWSKI (1796–1836) — A TEACHER, JOURNALIST, PUBLISHER, “ANTIQUARIAN”, LOVER OF BOOKS AND ANTIQUITIES, POLITICAL ACTIVIST Tomasz Ujazdowski was born in 1796 in Vilnius. In 1812 he graduated from a school in Węgrów. The need to become financially independent prompted him to join the Piarist Order in Opole Lubelskie, where he took his perpetual vows. After completing his studies in Opole and Warsaw in 1817, he began to work as a teacher in Piarist-run schools. In 1819 he began his efforts to have his vows annulled. Despite the consent of his order’s authorities, we was not released. He started a family. His longest stint as a teacher was in the regional school in Kielce 1822–1826, from where he was transferred to the regional school in Kalisz. In the summer of 1827 he was dismissed and excluded from the teaching profession. In 1828–1830 we worked in the Public Library at the University of Warsaw. During the November Uprising he was active in the Patriotic Society. In 1826 he began to publish short articles in the Warsaw press about Polish monuments he encountered during his travels. He continued writing about them in Pamiętnik Sandomierski, a quarterly he published 1829–1830. He also included there old literary works as well as documents and articles concerning the regions of Podlasie, Sandomierz, Kraków and Kalisz. During the uprising he published a satirical magazine, Tandeciarz, where he fi ercely denounced traitors and those reluctant to fight against the partitioner. He used contemporary and old works, particularly those from the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the uprising he moved to Kraków, where he was most likely involved in illegal patriotic activities. In 1836 he was deported to Trieste, where he died