Sustainability and Immateriality - Motivations of users/consumers as drivers of sustainability

At present, it is necessary to analyse how users/consumers perceive sustainability, in order to determine the characteristics, aspects, attributes, etc. that, according to their criteria, must have sustainable products, services and product-service systems (hereinafter SPS). This can be used to identify new approaches to sustainability or to assess whether the current model is adequate, to see whether society's concept of sustainability should be rethought or maintained. The purpose of this study is to analyse, from the point of view of some experts, whether the proposed motivations of users/consumers are related to sustainability; since it is considered that the study of collective actions from the emotions can become a conscious motivating motor that would have the purpose of transforming a reality, in this case, the relation between users/consumers and sustainability. The present analysis is the result of previous research (Rivera et al (2015), Rivera & Hernándis (2016) y Rivera-Pedroza (2017)) in which another type of complementary needs of people as users/consumers of products and services are recognized, to investigate how diverse motivations and aspirations, which are not only basic needs, are aspirations or motivations that can be given in terms of sustainability. The research is carried out on the basis of an instrument that could capture the opinion of individual experts on the subject, to achieve the validity of experts or "face validity"; (Sampieri, Collado, & Lucio, 2010), according to "qualified voices". In this regard, the instrument contains eleven drivers based on motivations (needs, emotions, values) belonging to an immaterial context of sustainability in products/services, seeking the expert's valuation, but with a "user role"; on motivations generating alternative approaches to sustainability in products and services. The analysis of these motivations, within the current context, provides value in the analysis of the behaviours of people involved in the environmental social movements within the emerging design and sustainability scenarios

Sustainability and Immateriality - Motivations of users/consumers as drivers of sustainability

At present, it is necessary to analyse how users/consumers perceive sustainability, in order to determine the characteristics, aspects, attributes, etc. that, according to their criteria, must have sustainable products, services and product-service systems (hereinafter SPS). This can be used to identify new approaches to sustainability or to assess whether the current model is adequate, to see whether society's concept of sustainability should be rethought or maintained. The purpose of this study is to analyse, from the point of view of some experts, whether the proposed motivations of users/consumers are related to sustainability; since it is considered that the study of collective actions from the emotions can become a conscious motivating motor that would have the purpose of transforming a reality, in this case, the relation between users/consumers and sustainability. The present analysis is the result of previous research (Rivera et al (2015), Rivera & Hernándis (2016) y Rivera-Pedroza (2017)) in which another type of complementary needs of people as users/consumers of products and services are recognized, to investigate how diverse motivations and aspirations, which are not only basic needs, are aspirations or motivations that can be given in terms of sustainability. The research is carried out on the basis of an instrument that could capture the opinion of individual experts on the subject, to achieve the validity of experts or "face validity"; (Sampieri, Collado, & Lucio, 2010), according to "qualified voices". In this regard, the instrument contains eleven drivers based on motivations (needs, emotions, values) belonging to an immaterial context of sustainability in products/services, seeking the expert's valuation, but with a "user role"; on motivations generating alternative approaches to sustainability in products and services. The analysis of these motivations, within the current context, provides value in the analysis of the behaviours of people involved in the environmental social movements within the emerging design and sustainability scenarios

Analysis of contexts and conceptual variables for a sustainable approach into systemic model

The research deals with an approximation to systemic design focused on sustainability, analyzing issues affecting the conceptualization of a product-system or service, in the initial stages of the design process, determining from a qualitative perspective on this phase of the project, a set of variables that are articulated both from basic design criteria as well as from sustainability criteria. For it, one resorts to the use of a multiobjective design model, in order to manage data, information and knowledge as well as its networks of relationships. It starts from the consideration of multiple sources of uncertainty that are reduced by a filtering process of the outer system, from an approach proposed for such purposes. Similarly, is raised the highlighting of variables that contribute to complement the emotional aspects, spiritual and scale of values related to users or consumers, as a strategy to assist in the process of providing a new pillar to the triad of sustainability, traditionally supported by environmental, economic and social pillars. For the description of procedures, structures and functions, a case study is presented in which are outlined the intrinsic qualities of a reference system and their interaction networks, starting with the filtering process of the outer system, till the obtaining of the key variables that have greater impact on the definition of formal, functional and ergonomic objectives in the inner subsystems

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97\ub71 (95% UI 95\ub78-98\ub71) in Iceland, followed by 96\ub76 (94\ub79-97\ub79) in Norway and 96\ub71 (94\ub75-97\ub73) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18\ub76 (13\ub71-24\ub74) in the Central African Republic, 19\ub70 (14\ub73-23\ub77) in Somalia, and 23\ub74 (20\ub72-26\ub78) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91\ub75 (89\ub71-93\ub76) in Beijing to 48\ub70 (43\ub74-53\ub72) in Tibet (a 43\ub75-point difference), while India saw a 30\ub78-point disparity, from 64\ub78 (59\ub76-68\ub78) in Goa to 34\ub70 (30\ub73-38\ub71) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4\ub78-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20\ub79-point to 17\ub70-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17\ub72-point to 20\ub74-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view-and subsequent provision-of quality health care for all populations

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view - and subsequent provision - of quality health care for all populations

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita

Sustainability and Immateriality - Motivations of users/consumers as drivers of sustainability

En la actualidad, es necesario analizar cómo los usuarios / consumidores perciben la sostenibilidad, con el fin de determinar las características, aspectos, atributos, etc. que, según su criterio, deben contar con productos, servicios y sistemas producto-servicio sostenibles (en adelante, SPS). los El propósito de este estudio es analizar, desde el punto de vista de algunos expertos, si el las motivaciones propuestas de los usuarios / consumidores están relacionadas con la sostenibilidad; ya que se considera que el estudio de las acciones colectivas a partir de las emociones puede convertirse en una motivación consciente motor que tendría el propósito de transformar una realidad, en este caso, la relación entre usuarios / consumidores y sostenibilidad. El análisis es el resultado de investigaciones previas (Rivera et al, 2015; Rivera & Hernándis, 2016; y Rivera-Pedroza, 2017), para investigar cómo diversas motivaciones y aspiraciones, que no son solo necesidades básicas, podrían estar relacionadas con sustentabilidad. La investigación se lleva a cabo a partir de un instrumento que contiene once impulsores vinculados a motivaciones (necesidades, emociones, valores) pertenecientes a un contexto inmaterial de sostenibilidad en productos / servicios. El análisis de estas motivaciones, dentro de la actual contexto, aporta valor en el análisis de los comportamientos de las personas involucradas en el movimientos sociales ambientales dentro de los escenarios emergentes de diseño y sostenibilidad.At present, it is necessary to analyse how users/consumers perceive sustainability, in order to determine the characteristics, aspects, attributes, etc. that, according to their criteria, must have sustainable products, services and product-service systems (hereinafter SPS). The purpose of this study is to analyse, from the point of view of some experts, whether the proposed motivations of users/consumers are related to sustainability; since it is considered that the study of collective actions from the emotions can become a conscious motivating motor that would have the purpose of transforming a reality, in this case, the relation between users/consumers and sustainability. The analysis is the result of previous research (Rivera et al, 2015; Rivera & Hernándis, 2016; and Rivera-Pedroza ,2017), to investigate how diverse motivations and aspirations, which are not only basic needs, could be related to sustainability. The research is carried out based on an instrument which contains eleven drivers linked to motivations (needs, emotions, values) belonging to an immaterial context of sustainability in products/services. The analysis of these motivations, within the current context, provides value in the analysis of the behaviours of people involved in the environmental social movements within the emerging design and sustainability [email protected]

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016