Phase II Study of ENZAlutamide Combined With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy (ENZART) for Localized Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer

Altres ajuts: Astellas.Background: Intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is usually treated by a combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and a short course of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT is associated with multiple side effects, including weight gain, loss of libido, and hot flashes. In contrast, anti-androgen monotherapy is generally better tolerated in spite of higher rates of gynecomastia. Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of enzalutamide monotherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT (Hypo-EBRT) for treating intermediate risk prostate cancer. Method: This trial was a multicenter, open-label phase II study of 6 months of enzalutamide monotherapy combined with Hypo-EBRT for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Hypo-EBRT was initiated 8-12 weeks after initiating enzalutamide. The primary endpoint was PSA decline >80% measured at the 25th week of enzalutamide administration. Secondary end-points included assessment of toxicity, changes in anthropomorphic body measurements, sexual hormones, and metabolic changes. Results: Sixty-two patients were included in the study from January 2018 to February 2020. A PSA decline of >80% was observed in all evaluable patients at the end of enzalutamide treatment and 92% achieved PSA values under 0.1 ngr/ml. All patients remain in PSA response (<80% reduction of the initial values) 6 months after the end of enzalutamide treatment. The most frequent adverse events were hypertension, asthenia, and gynecomastia. There were no significant changes in bone density, body mass index (BMI), or patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Conclusion: Enzalutamide monotherapy is very effective along with hEBRT in reducing PSA levels for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the potential use of this combination in future randomized trials

Alojamientos protegidos para enfermos mentales crónicos 1: Perfil epidemiológico, síntomas, calidad de vida y autoestima en dos muestras de sujetos

En este estudio se comparan los síntomas psicopatológicos, la calidad de vida y la autoestima de dos muestras de pacientes mentales crónicos, unos que residen en 2 alojamientos protegidos y otros en espera de hacerlo. También se precisa el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes. Este tipo de alojamientos se presentan desde hace algunas décadas como la alternativa a los hospitales psiquiátricos tradicionales, que funcionaban en la práctica como recursos residenciales. Su utilidad ha sido considerada desde diferentes puntos de vista, a nivel clínico, asistencial, funcional y económico. A diferencia de otros hallazgos, en nuestro estudio no se aprecia una mejor calidad de vida de los pacientes que viven en dichos alojamientos frente a los que no lo hacen. Tampoco están mejor psicopatológicamente ni tienen mayor autoestima. Se sugieren modificaciones metodológicas en el diseño que permitan controlar ciertas variables que pueden influir en los resultados.In this study the psychopathology symptoms, the quality of life and the selfesteem of two samples of patient mental chronic are compared, some housed in protected lodgings and others while waiting for making it. It is also described the epidemic profile of the patients. This type of lodgings is presented for some decades like the alternative to the traditional psychiatric hospitals that worked in the practice as residential resources. Their utility has been considered from different points of view, at clinical, assistance, functional and economic level. Contrary to other discoveries, in our study a better quality of the patients' life is not appreciated that live in this lodgings in front of those that don't make it. Neither they are better psychopathologically neither they have bigger self-esteem. Methodological modifications are suggested in the design to control certain variables that can influence in the results

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Alteraciones infantiles senso-perceptivas y cognitivas en un contexto social y económico deficitario

Demostrar si en una población socialmente desvalida, como son los niños internados en los Centros de Protección de Menores, presentan unos déficits a nivel intelectual, auditivo y un retraso escolar de mayor grado o frecuencia que una población infantil media normal. La muestra se compone de cincuenta niños entre 9 y 14 años del Colegio Masculino Sagrada Familia. Utiliza dos tests de inteligencia, WISC y Raven, y las pruebas audimétricas tonales y vocales.. Seaplica el coeficiente de correlación de K. Pearson. El grado de inteligencia de la población infantil estudiada es inferior a la media normal. Según la metodología empleada, la causa de la deficiencia en el cociente intelectual global es de carácter educacional y no innato. La incidencia de la hipoacusia es tres veces mayor de lo esperado en una población normal infantil. Los umbrales estudiados mediante la audiometría vocal aparecen con pérdidas significativas en decibelios. Existe un retraso escolar muy elevado en esta población infantil. La población estudiada presenta un déficit global de su personalidad que atañe a áreas tan dispares, pero intercorrelacionadas, como la inteligencia, la audición y la comprensión verbal, siendo el retraso escolar un resultado de las anteriores deficiencias..MadridES

Estándares de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis 2024 para el control global del riesgo vascular

La Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA) tiene entre sus objetivos contribuir al conocimiento, prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades vasculares, que son la primera causa de muerte en España y conllevan un elevado grado de discapacidad y gasto sanitario. La arteriosclerosis es una enfermedad multifactorial y su prevención exige un abordaje global que contemple los factores de riesgo asociados. Este documento resume la evidencia actual e incluye recomendaciones a seguir ante el paciente con enfermedad vascular establecida o con un elevado riesgo vascular (RV): se revisan los síntomas y signos a evaluar, los procedimientos de laboratorio e imagen a solicitar rutinariamente o en situaciones especiales, e incluye la estimación del RV, criterios diagnósticos de las entidades que son factores de riesgo vascular (FRV), y plantea recomendaciones generales y específicas para su tratamiento. Por último, se presentan aspectos poco referenciados en la literatura, como son, por ejemplo, la organización de una consulta de RV

Estándares SEA 2022 para el control global del riesgo cardiovascular

One of the objectives of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis is to contribute to better knowledge of vascular disease, its prevention and treatment. It is well known that cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in our country and entail a high degree of disability and health care costs. Arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease and therefore its prevention requires a global approach that takes into account the different risk factors with which it is associated. Therefore, this document summarizes the current level of knowledge and includes recommendations and procedures to be followed in patients with established cardiovascular disease or at high vascular risk. Specifically, this document reviews the main symptoms and signs to be evaluated during the clinical visit, the laboratory and imaging procedures to be routinely requested or requested for those in special situations. It also includes vascular risk estimation, the diagnostic criteria of the different entities that are cardiovascular risk factors, and makes general and specific recommendations for the treatment of the different cardiovascular risk factors and their final objectives. Finally, the document includes aspects that are not usually referenced in the literature, such as the organization of a vascular risk consultation. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/)