Neural fuzzy repair : integrating fuzzy matches into neural machine translation

We present a simple yet powerful data augmentation method for boosting Neural Machine Translation (NMT) performance by leveraging information retrieved from a Translation Memory (TM). We propose and test two methods for augmenting NMT training data with fuzzy TM matches. Tests on the DGT-TM data set for two language pairs show consistent and substantial improvements over a range of baseline systems. The results suggest that this method is promising for any translation environment in which a sizeable TM is available and a certain amount of repetition across translations is to be expected, especially considering its ease of implementation

Evaluating short-term changes in L2 complexity development

This paper reports on a study on the nature and extent of the development of English L2 writing proficiency of 45 adult ESL learners over the time of an intensive short-term EAP program as evaluated by means of objective measures targeting different components of lexical and syntactic complexity. In addition, we compare the scores on these measures with more holistic and subjective ratings of learners' overall writing quality. Results reveal that some measures, but not necessarily the most popular linguistic complexity measures (e.g., subordination ratios and lexical richness measures), can indeed adequately and validly capture development in L2 writing in short-term ESL courses. Results further suggest that different subcomponents of syntactic and lexical complexity in L2 writing develop at different rates, which stressed the importance of calculating a sufficiently wide range of complexity measures in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of L2 development

The Single-Case Data Analysis Package: Analysing Single-Case Experiments with R Software

The RcmdrPlugin.SCDA plug-in package is discussed. It integrates three R packages in the R commander interface: SCVA (for Single-Case Visual Analysis), SCRT (for Single-Case Randomization Tests), and SCMA (for Single-Case Meta-Analysis). This way the plug-in package covers three important steps in the analysis of single-case data

A procedure for determining the load carrying capacity in cold-formed steel arches

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de cálculo para la determinación de la carga última de arcos circulares con perfiles trapezoidales conformados en frío. Estos elementos de cubierta, sometidos fundamentalmente a esfuerzos de compresión y de directriz curva, deben ser dimensionados teniendo en cuenta la inestabilidad por pandeo. Actualmente, ninguna normativa describe un procedimiento de cálculo para la consideración del pandeo en elementos curvos. La metodología aquí planteada se basa en la filosofía de las curvas europeas de pandeo establecidas en los Eurocódigos. Así, se ha obtenido un coeficiente reductor empírico que considera los efectos del pandeo conjuntamente con imperfecciones geométricas y mecánicas en función de la esbeltez del arco considerado. Para ello, es necesario determinar la carga última experimental de al menos tres arcos, cuyos radios y luces se encuentren lo suficientemente diferenciados.This paper deals with a new methodology for the estimation of the strength of circular arches with cold-formed trap - ezoidal section. These cover elements, mainly subjected to compression stress and with circular curvature should be dimensioned taking into account the possibility of buckling instability. Currently, no standard describes a method for calculating the buckling consideration of curved elements. The methodology proposed herein shares the same philosophy of the European buckling curves method established in the Eurocodes. Thus, an experimental coefficient considering the effects of buckling and geometrical and mechanical imperfections depending on the slenderness of the considered arch have been obtained. For this, it was necessary to determine the experimental strength of at least three arcs, which radius and spans are sufficiently differentiate

Towards a better integration of fuzzy matches in neural machine translation through data augmentation

We identify a number of aspects that can boost the performance of Neural Fuzzy Repair (NFR), an easy-to-implement method to integrate translation memory matches and neural machine translation (NMT). We explore various ways of maximising the added value of retrieved matches within the NFR paradigm for eight language combinations, using Transformer NMT systems. In particular, we test the impact of different fuzzy matching techniques, sub-word-level segmentation methods and alignment-based features on overall translation quality. Furthermore, we propose a fuzzy match combination technique that aims to maximise the coverage of source words. This is supplemented with an analysis of how translation quality is affected by input sentence length and fuzzy match score. The results show that applying a combination of the tested modifications leads to a significant increase in estimated translation quality over all baselines for all language combinations

David Rivaud, Entrées épiscopales, royales et princières dans les villes du Centre-Ouest de la France (xive-xvie siècles)

Dans le prolongement de ses travaux menés sur les rituels politiques dans l’espace royal français, David Rivaud publie un nouveau recueil de sources sur les entrées solennelles dans les bonnes villes du Centre-Ouest, longtemps tenues à l’écart des enquêtes historiques. L’ouvrage couvre une trentaine d’accueils épiscopaux (p. 59-102), royaux et princiers (p. 103-181) oude souverains étrangers (p. 104-246), tenus en Poitou, Aunis ou Saintonge, entre le début du xive et la fin du xvie siècle. Le..

Du proverbe à l’image

À la fin du Moyen Âge, les décors de l’architecture civile adoptent une forme particulière. Délaissant la statuaire monumentale, ils sont constitués de séries de petites figures individuelles. Au nord de la Loire, ces petites figures sont généralement sculptées sur les consoles ou les culs-de-lampe des élévations. Au sud de la Loire, particulièrement dans le Midi, elles sont plus souvent peintes sur des petits panneaux de bois fixés entre les poutres du plafond. Des hommes montrant leur cul, ..

Aprendizaje Centrado en el Proyecto de Estructuras Adaptados a la Enseñanza Universitaria

The establishment of the European higher education area (EHEA) and the Bologna process tries to improve student’s motivation and the development of personal skills, communication, teamwork, etc. through theoretical and practical similar experiences to those they will find in their future career. In this regard, this work pretends to perform the design and calculation of structures by a realistic project adapted to the academic field. The project must follow a series of guidelines established, so that students have to analyse possible solutions, make decisions, as well as, develop teamwork skills. At the end of the course, all the groups make a public presentation of their project and the students act as participants in the evaluations of their peers, thus encouraging a constructive critical discussion of the projects and the decision-making made.Con la instauración del marco educativo común en Europa y del proceso de Bolonia se pretende mejorar la motivación de los estudiantes y desarrollar sus habilidades personales, de comunicación, de trabajo en equipo, etc. mediante experiencias teórico-prácticas similares a las que encontrarán en su futura carrera profesional. Para ello, en este trabajo se propone la realización del diseño y cálculo estructural de un proyecto realista adaptado al ámbito académico. Se establecen una serie de condicionantes que debe cumplir el proyecto, de manera que los alumnos tienen que analizar posibles soluciones, tomar decisiones, así como, desarrollar habilidades de trabajo en equipo. A final de curso todos los grupos realizan una exposición pública de sus trabajos y los propios alumnos son los que evaluarán los trabajos de sus compañeros de manera que se fomente una discusión crítica-constructiva de los proyectos y de la toma de decisiones realizada

Analysis of the tensile fracture properties of ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete with different types of steel fibers by X-ray tomography

This study is concerned with the analysis of the tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete manufactured with short and long steel fibers. The analysis involve using different techniques - from mechanical tests to X-ray computed tomography - to relate the observed variation of the mechanical properties of the mixes with their porosity. A comprehensive study of the porosity distribution was conducted on the basis of the analysis of X-ray computed tomography images and porosimetry. The study shows the influence of the type of fiber used in the reinforcement on the pore size and distribution of the concrete matrix and consequently on its tensile properties. The tensile properties are obtained with an inverse analysis method available in the literature that yielded the first-cracking tensile strength (f t ) and the ultimate tensile strength (f tu ) and related with the inner structure of the concrete matrix. Our results prove that the tensile properties, especially the first-cracking strength, vary depending on the fibers used. These findings help mix designers make a decision about the type of fibers that should be used when a high first-cracking tensile strength is needed and make it possible to quantify the effect of the fiber.Ministerio de Economía y competitividad BIA2016-75431-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2015-66534-RAcademia de Ciencias de la República Checa 16-18702

A Finite Element‑Based Methodology for the Thermo‑mechanical Analysis of Early Age Behavior in Concrete Structures

This paper presents a general procedure based on fracture mechanics models in order to analyze the level of cracking and structural safety in reinforced concrete elements at early ages, depending on the stripping time. Our procedure involves the development of a thermo-mechanical numerical model based on the finite element method that accounts for the change in the mechanical properties of concrete with time. Moreover, fracture mechanisms are analyzed by means of a material damage model, which is characterized via specific experimental results obtained for standard specimens and notched beams under three-point bending testing. The loading conditions are both thermal and mechanical, and are obtained from the hydration process for a given concrete dosage. The presented methodology allows for the determination of the optimal stripping time, whereas it helps assessing the analysis of the cracking and the stress states of the elements under consideration. A practical application, namely the analysis of a retaining wall, is used to validate our methodology, showing its suitability in engineering practice.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIA2016-75431-