The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector during 2011 data taking

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon–nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum bunch crossing rate to the approximate 400 Hz which can be written to offline storage. The ATLAS jet trigger is the primary means for the online selection of events containing jets. Events are accepted by the trigger if they contain one or more jets above some transverse energy threshold. During 2011 data taking the jet trigger was fully efficient for jets with transverse energy above 25 GeV for triggers seeded randomly at Level 1. For triggers which require a jet to be identified at each of the three trigger levels, full efficiency is reached for offline jets with transverse energy above 60 GeV. Jets reconstructed in the final trigger level and corresponding to offline jets with transverse energy greater than 60 GeV, are reconstructed with a resolution in transverse energy with respect to offline jets, of better than 4 % in the central region and better than 2.5 % in the forward direction

La adición de Enterococcus faecium aumenta la respuesta inmune intestinal en cerdos en crecimiento

Weaning originates a brief period of fasting and adaptation to a new solid portion, which causes decreased survival of piglets and proliferation of pathogenic microbiota. It has proposed the use of probiotics, preventing humans consume fed treated with antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the effect of the addition of probiotic strains in growing pigs on immune cell populations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) in the small intestine. Thirty-five piglets stepwise days 1 (21 days old), 15 and 30 posdetete were sacrificed, and the intestine was completely removed. The animals were fed two diets: commercial diet with and without the addition of antibiotic; the latter different probiotic (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Enterococcus faecium) were added in the drinking water. A design randomized block was used in a split plot arrangement. Isolates obtained from the intestinal samples of E. faecium showed a greater number of immunological intestine cell populations (pEl destete produce un periodo breve de ayuno y adaptación a una nueva ración sólida, la cual provoca disminución de la supervivencia de los lechones y proliferación de la microbiota patógena. Se ha propuesto la utilización de probióticos, evitando que los seres humanos consuman alimentados tratados con antibióticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la adición de cepas de probióticos en cerdos en crecimiento sobre las poblaciones celulares del sistema inmune (eosinófilos, basófilos, neutrófilos, monocitos y linfocitos) en intestino delgado. Se sacrificaron 35 lechones escalonadamente los días 1 (21 días de edad), 15 y 30 posdetete, y se extrajo completamente el intestino. Los animales fueron alimentados con dos dietas: dieta comercial con y sin la adición de antibiótico; a esta última se adicionaron los diferentes probióticos (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus o Enterococcus faecium) en el agua de bebida. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar en un arreglo de parcelas divididas. Los aislamientos realizados a partir de las muestras intestinales de E. faecium presentaron un mayor número de poblaciones celulares del sistema inmune a nivel intestinal (

Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas com diferentes fontes protéicas

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas durante 71 dias com diferentes fontes protéicas. No experimento 1, foi avaliado o farelo de soja associado à farinha de carne e ossos (CS), levedura (LS) ou farinha de peixe (PS). No segundo experimento avaliaram-se os níveis de 0, 35 e 70% de substituição da farinha de carne e ossos da dieta CS do experimento 1 por farelo de soja (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectivamente). As fêmeas foram induzidas à desova utilizando-se extrato hipofisário de carpa. No experimento 1, o diâmetro do saco vitelino foi maior nos ovos das matrizes alimentadas com as dietas CS e PS. No experimento 2, o desenvolvimento embrionário, vitelínico e larval foi superior no tratamento CS0. Conclui-se que a utilização de farinha de carne e ossos e farelo de soja como fontes protéicas apresentam-se como boa opção na alimentação de fêmeas reprodutoras de jundiá

Reproductive performance of jundiá females fed with different protein sources.

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of jundiá females fed during 71 days with different protein sources. In the first trial soybean meal was associated to meat and bone meal (CS), sugar cane yeast (LS) and fish meal (PS). In the second trial the effect of replacement of meat and bone meal by soybean meal was evaluated to the levels 0, 35 and 70% of the CS diet (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectively). The spawning of females were induced with carp hypophysis extract. In the trial 1, embryonic development was higher in the eggs from females fed CS and PS. In the trial 2, embryonic, vitelinic and larval development were higher in CS0 treatment. This concluded that meat and bone meal and soybean meal used as protein sources showed good option in the feeding of reproductive jundiá females.Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas durante 71 dias com diferentes fontes protéicas. No experimento 1, foi avaliado o farelo de soja associado à farinha de carne e ossos (CS), levedura (LS) ou farinha de peixe (PS). No segundo experimento avaliaram-se os níveis de 0, 35 e 70% de substituição da farinha de carne e ossos da dieta CS do experimento 1 por farelo de soja (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectivamente). As fêmeas foram induzidas à desova utilizando-se extrato hipofisário de carpa. No experimento 1, o diâmetro do saco vitelino foi maior nos ovos das matrizes alimentadas com as dietas CS e PS. No experimento 2, o desenvolvimento embrionário, vitelínico e larval foi superior no tratamento CS0. Conclui-se que a utilização de farinha de carne e ossos e farelo de soja como fontes protéicas apresentam-se como boa opção na alimentação de fêmeas reprodutoras de jundiá

Dietary protein levels in piaractus brachypomus submitted to extremely acidic or alkaline ph

The objective this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels in pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus, submited to extremely acidic or alkaline pH. Juveniles were fed for 20 days with three diets with different crude protein (CP) levels (25.3, 32.4 and 40.0%) and then separated in fi ve groups (n=10, three replicates each) which were kept in 60 L aquaria and exposed to pH 3.0, 3.5, 7.0, 10, or 10.5. Fish were removed from aquaria when they showed loss of swimming balance, and then blood was collected and plasma separated for measurement of Na+, Cl- and K+ levels. The increase of dietary protein levels (up to 40.0% CP) provided some protection for pirapitinga at pH 3.5 or 10.0 because the time to lose equilibrium increased after acute exposure, but was not effective for compensating ion loss at very acidic (Na+ and Cl-) and alkaline (Cl-) pH.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos níveis de proteína na dieta de pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus, submetidas a pH extremamente ácido ou alcalino. Os juvenis foram alimentados durante 20 dias com três dietas com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB) (25,3; 32,4 e 40,0%) e, em seguida, foram separados em cinco grupos (n=10, três repetições cada), os quais foram colocados em aquários de 60L e expostos aos pH 3,0; 3,5; 7,0; 10 ou 10,5. Os peixes foram removidos dos aquários quando apresentaram perda de equilíbrio natatório, o sangue foi então coletado e o plasma separado para determinação dos níveis de Na+, Cl- e K+. O aumento dos níveis de proteína na dieta (até 40% PB) forneceu alguma proteção para pirapitingas em pH 3,5 ou 10,0, porque o tempo para perder o equilíbrio natatório aumentou após a exposição aguda, mas não foi efetivo para compensar a perda de íons em pH muito ácido (Na+ e Cl-) ou alcalino (Cl-)

Desempenho reprodutivo e zootécnico e deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos de fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo alimentadas com rações de diversos níveis energéticos Reproductive and animal performance and lipids deposition in hepatocytes for Nile tilapia females fed different levels of energy in the ration

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os desempenhos reprodutivo e zootécnico e a deposição de lipídios no tecido hepático de fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo alimentadas com rações contendo diferentes níveis de energia digestível, obtidos pela inclusão de óleo de soja. Foram utilizados 100 reprodutores e 300 reprodutoras, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os reprodutores, machos e fêmeas, foram alimentados com rações contendo, por quilograma, 35% de proteína bruta e 2.700, 2.950, 3.200, 3.450 ou 3.700 kcal de energia digestível. Os animais foram mantidos em hapas por 93 dias. O desempenho reprodutivo e zootécnico não foi influenciado pelos níveis energéticos das rações, o que pode estar relacionado ao curto período de tempo de alimentação com as dietas experimentais. Contudo, o aumento nos níveis de energia teve efeito linear nas deposições lipídicas nos hepatócitos. Desta forma, os níveis crescentes de energia digestível nas rações fornecidas às fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo, obtidos pela inclusão de óleo de soja, apenas aumentam o tempo de sobrevivência das larvas ao jejum e a deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos das fêmeas.<br>The experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and animal performance and lipids deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia female, fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy, obtained by soybean oil inclusion. Three hundred breeding females and 100 breeding males were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The broods were fed diets containing 35% crude protein and 2,700; 2,950; 3,200; 3,450 and 3,700 kcal energy digestible/kg feed. The animals were stocked in hapas for 93 days. The reproductive and animal performance were not influenced by the energy levels. These results may be associated with the short period of time that the brood were fed the experimental diets. However, increasing energy levels caused a linear increase in lipids inclusions in hepatocytes. Thus, the increasing levels of digestible energy provided to Nile tilapia females, obtained by including soybean oil, only promoted increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes

Cluster studies in molecular beams

In the present work we study properties of clusters of small heteroatomic molecules with biological relevance by several experimental methods based on molecular beams. In the first experiment structure and dynamics of size-selected charged pyrrole clusters have been studied by means of molecular beam scattering experiment. Small neutral Pyn clusters were produced in Py/He expansions and larger mixed PynArm clusters in Py/Ar expansions, and the scattering experiment with a secondary beam of He atoms was used to select the neutral clusters of dierent sizes. The complete size-selected fragmentation patterns for the neutral dimer to tetramer after an electron impact ionization at 70 eV from the measurements of the angular and velocity distributions at dierent fragment masses. In second experiment photolysis of size selected pyrrole, imidazole and pyrazole clusters has been investigated. Comparison with the photolysis of an isolated molecules and between studied systems has been made. Clusters were photolyzed at 243 and 193 nm and the kinetic energy distributions of the H-photofragments have been measured and analyzed. Finally the mass spectra of the fragments after multiphoton ionization have been measured. The significant inuence of the cluster environment to the photolytic behavior was observed and discussed