9 research outputs found

    Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

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    Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

    Cancer de la vessie : sĂ©lection de biomarqueurs urinaires et dĂ©veloppement d’un outil d’analyse multiparamĂ©trique pour le diagnostic et la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales

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    The work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of a multiplex analytical tool for the quantification of selected bladder cancer urinary biomarkers.The aim of the first part of this work is the selection of urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and recurrence of urothelial tumors. A first study evaluated the selectivity of candidate markers in urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Five of the twenty initial markers were selected for their diagnostic performance. They define Panel 1: VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 and EN2. A second study was then conducted to assess the potential of urinary markers and clinical parameters for the diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence. Two types of urine samples were thus evaluated: samples from recurrent bladder cancer patients and samples from bladder cancer patients without recurrence. Panel 2 was then defined based on the best performing multivariate regression model. It includes the following clinical and molecular parameters: number of past recurrences, number of BCG therapies, tumor stage at diagnosis, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 and VEGF.The second part involves the development of a multiplex test for the quantification of the selected markers. It is a high-throughput automated platform in a 96-well microtiter plate format. It was designed as a multiplex sandwich immunoassay based on a protein microarray. The platform development began with Panel 1 for which three of the five markers (VEGF, MMP9 and IL8) were successful integrated into a multiplex immunoassay. The end of the second marker selection study marked the development transition from Panel 1 to Panel 2. With the exception of EN2, requiring a different immunoassay configuration, all the Panel 2 markers were integrated into the platformLes travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse concernent le dĂ©veloppement d'un outil d'analyse multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification de biomarqueurs urinaires du cancer de la vessie.La premiĂšre partie des travaux de recherche a pour objectif la sĂ©lection de marqueurs pour le diagnostic et la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Une premiĂšre Ă©tude a permis l'Ă©valuation de la sĂ©lectivitĂ© de marqueurs candidats dans des Ă©chantillons urinaires de patients atteints de cancer de la vessie. Cinq des vingt marqueurs initiaux ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour leur performance diagnostique, dĂ©finissant le Panel 1 : VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 et EN2. Une seconde Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin d'Ă©valuer le potentiel de marqueurs et de paramĂštres cliniques pour le diagnostic de la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Les Ă©chantillons urinaires Ă©valuĂ©s provenaient donc de patients prĂ©sentant une rĂ©cidive du cancer de la vessie et de patients ne prĂ©sentant pas de rĂ©cidive. Le Panel 2 a ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©fini, basĂ© sur le modĂšle de rĂ©gression multiple le plus performant. Il comprend les paramĂštres cliniques et molĂ©culaires suivants : nombre de rĂ©cidives antĂ©rieures, nombre de thĂ©rapies par BCG, stade de la tumeur au moment du diagnostic, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 et VEGF.La seconde partie concerne le dĂ©veloppement d'un test multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification des marqueurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Il s'agit d'une plateforme automatisĂ©e, Ă  haut-dĂ©bit et sous un format de plaque de microtitration 96-puits. La mĂ©thode de quantification choisie est un immunoessai de type sandwich sous la forme de puce Ă  protĂ©ines. Le dĂ©veloppement de la plateforme a dĂ©butĂ© avec le Panel 1 dont trois des cinq marqueurs (VEGF, MMP9 et IL8) ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s avec succĂšs. Suite Ă  la seconde Ă©tude de sĂ©lection de marqueurs, le dĂ©veloppement de l'immunoessai multiparamĂ©trique a Ă©tĂ© orientĂ© vers le Panel 2. À l'exception du marqueur EN2, nĂ©cessitant une configuration d'immunoessai diffĂ©rente, tous les marqueurs du Panel 2 ont pu ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©s Ă  la plateform

    Bladder cancer : selection of urinary biomarkers and development of a multiplex analytical tool for the diagnosis and recurrence of urothelial tumors

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    Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse concernent le dĂ©veloppement d'un outil d'analyse multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification de biomarqueurs urinaires du cancer de la vessie.La premiĂšre partie des travaux de recherche a pour objectif la sĂ©lection de marqueurs pour le diagnostic et la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Une premiĂšre Ă©tude a permis l'Ă©valuation de la sĂ©lectivitĂ© de marqueurs candidats dans des Ă©chantillons urinaires de patients atteints de cancer de la vessie. Cinq des vingt marqueurs initiaux ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour leur performance diagnostique, dĂ©finissant le Panel 1 : VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 et EN2. Une seconde Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin d'Ă©valuer le potentiel de marqueurs et de paramĂštres cliniques pour le diagnostic de la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Les Ă©chantillons urinaires Ă©valuĂ©s provenaient donc de patients prĂ©sentant une rĂ©cidive du cancer de la vessie et de patients ne prĂ©sentant pas de rĂ©cidive. Le Panel 2 a ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©fini, basĂ© sur le modĂšle de rĂ©gression multiple le plus performant. Il comprend les paramĂštres cliniques et molĂ©culaires suivants : nombre de rĂ©cidives antĂ©rieures, nombre de thĂ©rapies par BCG, stade de la tumeur au moment du diagnostic, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 et VEGF.La seconde partie concerne le dĂ©veloppement d'un test multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification des marqueurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Il s'agit d'une plateforme automatisĂ©e, Ă  haut-dĂ©bit et sous un format de plaque de microtitration 96-puits. La mĂ©thode de quantification choisie est un immunoessai de type sandwich sous la forme de puce Ă  protĂ©ines. Le dĂ©veloppement de la plateforme a dĂ©butĂ© avec le Panel 1 dont trois des cinq marqueurs (VEGF, MMP9 et IL8) ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s avec succĂšs. Suite Ă  la seconde Ă©tude de sĂ©lection de marqueurs, le dĂ©veloppement de l'immunoessai multiparamĂ©trique a Ă©tĂ© orientĂ© vers le Panel 2. À l'exception du marqueur EN2, nĂ©cessitant une configuration d'immunoessai diffĂ©rente, tous les marqueurs du Panel 2 ont pu ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©s Ă  la plateformeThe work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of a multiplex analytical tool for the quantification of selected bladder cancer urinary biomarkers.The aim of the first part of this work is the selection of urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and recurrence of urothelial tumors. A first study evaluated the selectivity of candidate markers in urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Five of the twenty initial markers were selected for their diagnostic performance. They define Panel 1: VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 and EN2. A second study was then conducted to assess the potential of urinary markers and clinical parameters for the diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence. Two types of urine samples were thus evaluated: samples from recurrent bladder cancer patients and samples from bladder cancer patients without recurrence. Panel 2 was then defined based on the best performing multivariate regression model. It includes the following clinical and molecular parameters: number of past recurrences, number of BCG therapies, tumor stage at diagnosis, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 and VEGF.The second part involves the development of a multiplex test for the quantification of the selected markers. It is a high-throughput automated platform in a 96-well microtiter plate format. It was designed as a multiplex sandwich immunoassay based on a protein microarray. The platform development began with Panel 1 for which three of the five markers (VEGF, MMP9 and IL8) were successful integrated into a multiplex immunoassay. The end of the second marker selection study marked the development transition from Panel 1 to Panel 2. With the exception of EN2, requiring a different immunoassay configuration, all the Panel 2 markers were integrated into the platfor

    Cancer de la vessie : sĂ©lection de biomarqueurs urinaires et dĂ©veloppement d’un outil d’analyse multiparamĂ©trique pour le diagnostic et la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales

    No full text
    The work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of a multiplex analytical tool for the quantification of selected bladder cancer urinary biomarkers.The aim of the first part of this work is the selection of urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and recurrence of urothelial tumors. A first study evaluated the selectivity of candidate markers in urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Five of the twenty initial markers were selected for their diagnostic performance. They define Panel 1: VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 and EN2. A second study was then conducted to assess the potential of urinary markers and clinical parameters for the diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence. Two types of urine samples were thus evaluated: samples from recurrent bladder cancer patients and samples from bladder cancer patients without recurrence. Panel 2 was then defined based on the best performing multivariate regression model. It includes the following clinical and molecular parameters: number of past recurrences, number of BCG therapies, tumor stage at diagnosis, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 and VEGF.The second part involves the development of a multiplex test for the quantification of the selected markers. It is a high-throughput automated platform in a 96-well microtiter plate format. It was designed as a multiplex sandwich immunoassay based on a protein microarray. The platform development began with Panel 1 for which three of the five markers (VEGF, MMP9 and IL8) were successful integrated into a multiplex immunoassay. The end of the second marker selection study marked the development transition from Panel 1 to Panel 2. With the exception of EN2, requiring a different immunoassay configuration, all the Panel 2 markers were integrated into the platformLes travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse concernent le dĂ©veloppement d'un outil d'analyse multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification de biomarqueurs urinaires du cancer de la vessie.La premiĂšre partie des travaux de recherche a pour objectif la sĂ©lection de marqueurs pour le diagnostic et la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Une premiĂšre Ă©tude a permis l'Ă©valuation de la sĂ©lectivitĂ© de marqueurs candidats dans des Ă©chantillons urinaires de patients atteints de cancer de la vessie. Cinq des vingt marqueurs initiaux ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour leur performance diagnostique, dĂ©finissant le Panel 1 : VEGF, MMP9, IL8, PTGS2 et EN2. Une seconde Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin d'Ă©valuer le potentiel de marqueurs et de paramĂštres cliniques pour le diagnostic de la rĂ©cidive des tumeurs urothĂ©liales. Les Ă©chantillons urinaires Ă©valuĂ©s provenaient donc de patients prĂ©sentant une rĂ©cidive du cancer de la vessie et de patients ne prĂ©sentant pas de rĂ©cidive. Le Panel 2 a ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©fini, basĂ© sur le modĂšle de rĂ©gression multiple le plus performant. Il comprend les paramĂštres cliniques et molĂ©culaires suivants : nombre de rĂ©cidives antĂ©rieures, nombre de thĂ©rapies par BCG, stade de la tumeur au moment du diagnostic, CDH1, IL8, ErbB2, IL6, EN2 et VEGF.La seconde partie concerne le dĂ©veloppement d'un test multiparamĂ©trique pour la quantification des marqueurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Il s'agit d'une plateforme automatisĂ©e, Ă  haut-dĂ©bit et sous un format de plaque de microtitration 96-puits. La mĂ©thode de quantification choisie est un immunoessai de type sandwich sous la forme de puce Ă  protĂ©ines. Le dĂ©veloppement de la plateforme a dĂ©butĂ© avec le Panel 1 dont trois des cinq marqueurs (VEGF, MMP9 et IL8) ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s avec succĂšs. Suite Ă  la seconde Ă©tude de sĂ©lection de marqueurs, le dĂ©veloppement de l'immunoessai multiparamĂ©trique a Ă©tĂ© orientĂ© vers le Panel 2. À l'exception du marqueur EN2, nĂ©cessitant une configuration d'immunoessai diffĂ©rente, tous les marqueurs du Panel 2 ont pu ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©s Ă  la plateform

    Développement d un outil d analyse de biomarqueurs pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi de la réponse au traitement médicamenteux du cancer de la vessie

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    Les avancĂ©es technologiques, notamment en protĂ©omique, ont permis d amĂ©liorer la comprĂ©hension des aspects physiopathologiques de certaines maladies mais Ă©galement de dĂ©couvrir de nouveaux biomarqueurs. Ces derniers ont un fort potentiel au regard de la mĂ©decine personnalisĂ©e, que ce soit Ă  l Ă©tape de diagnostic, de traitement ou de suivi. Dans ce contexte, le projet DIPROMON a pour objectif d amĂ©liorer les stratĂ©gies de mĂ©decine personnalisĂ©e dans le cancer de la vessie. Pour cela, un concept de stratification des patients sera Ă©laborĂ© grĂące Ă  l analyse de profils de biomarqueurs. La stratification sera notamment utile pour la surveillance des rĂ©cidives du cancer de la vessie et pour le choix de la thĂ©rapie selon la prĂ©diction de rĂ©ponse au traitement. MĂȘme si la majoritĂ© des patients est atteinte de tumeurs superficielles, le taux de rĂ©cidive est Ă©levĂ© et concerne entre 50 et 70% des patients. La surveillance rĂ©guliĂšre des patients en est une des consĂ©quences principales. Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire concernent la mise au point d un test multiparamĂ©trique haut-dĂ©bit pour la dĂ©tection et la quantification des biomarqueurs, qui fera partie de la plate-forme technologique Ă©laborĂ©e dans le projet DIPROMON. Le dĂ©veloppement de la puce Ă  protĂ©ines a dĂ©butĂ© avec trois interleukines (IL6, IL8 et IL10) dĂ©tectĂ©es et quantifiĂ©es par une mĂ©thode d immunoessai en sandwich. Le test a subi plusieurs Ă©tapes d optimisation mais la validation analytique n est pas encore complĂšte. L outil d analyse final se complexifiera lors de l ajout d autres marqueurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s par les partenaires du projet. Il nĂ©cessitera ensuite une validation clinique, notamment par une Ă©tude pilote.The advent of technologies, particularly in the field of proteomics, has improved the understanding of disease pathophysiology as well as the discovery of new biomarkers. Biomarkers show a high potential in personalized medicine in various stages such as diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. In this context, the DIPROMON project aims to improve personalization strategies in bladder cancer. The concept of patient stratification will be developed through the analysis of biomarker profiles. Stratification will be especially useful for monitoring recurrence of bladder cancer and for tailoring therapeutic interventions. Although the majority of patients develops superficial tumors, recurrence rate is high and affects 50 to 70% of patients. One of the main consequences of recurrence is regular monitoring for most patients. The work presented in this report relates to the development of a high-throughput and multiplex test for detection and quantification of biomarkers, which will be part of the technological platform developed in the DIPROMON project. The development of the protein chip started with three interleukins (IL6, IL8 and IL10) which are detected and quantified by a sandwich immunoassay. The test has undergone several optimization steps but the analytical validation is not completed yet. The final analysis tool will be more complex as other markers selected by the project partners will be added. It will then require a clinical validation, including a pilot study.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Iodine Deficiency

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    First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

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    International audienceSpinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

    Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the first observing run of Advanced LIGO

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    International audienceDuring their first observational run, the two Advanced LIGO detectors attained an unprecedented sensitivity, resulting in the first direct detections of gravitational-wave signals produced by stellar-mass binary black hole systems. This paper reports on an all-sky search for gravitational waves (GWs) from merging intermediate mass black hole binaries (IMBHBs). The combined results from two independent search techniques were used in this study: the first employs a matched-filter algorithm that uses a bank of filters covering the GW signal parameter space, while the second is a generic search for GW transients (bursts). No GWs from IMBHBs were detected; therefore, we constrain the rate of several classes of IMBHB mergers. The most stringent limit is obtained for black holes of individual mass 100  M⊙, with spins aligned with the binary orbital angular momentum. For such systems, the merger rate is constrained to be less than 0.93  Gpc−3 yr−1 in comoving units at the 90% confidence level, an improvement of nearly 2 orders of magnitude over previous upper limits

    First low-frequency Einstein@Home all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in Advanced LIGO data

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    International audienceWe report results of a deep all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in data from the first Advanced LIGO observing run. This search investigates the low frequency range of Advanced LIGO data, between 20 and 100 Hz, much of which was not explored in initial LIGO. The search was made possible by the computing power provided by the volunteers of the Einstein@Home project. We find no significant signal candidate and set the most stringent upper limits to date on the amplitude of gravitational wave signals from the target population, corresponding to a sensitivity depth of 48.7  [1/Hz]. At the frequency of best strain sensitivity, near 100 Hz, we set 90% confidence upper limits of 1.8×10-25. At the low end of our frequency range, 20 Hz, we achieve upper limits of 3.9×10-24. At 55 Hz we can exclude sources with ellipticities greater than 10-5 within 100 pc of Earth with fiducial value of the principal moment of inertia of 1038  kg m2
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