A putative functional role for oligodendrocytes in mood regulation

Altered glial structure and function is implicated in several major mental illnesses and increasing evidence specifically links changes in oligodendrocytes with disrupted mood regulation. Low density and reduced expression of oligodendrocyte-specific gene transcripts in postmortem human subjects points toward decreased oligodendrocyte function in most of the major mental illnesses. Similar features are observed in rodent models of stress-induced depressive-like phenotypes, such as the unpredictable chronic mild stress and chronic corticosterone exposure, suggesting an effect downstream from stress. However, whether oligodendrocyte changes are a causal component of psychiatric phenotypes is not known. Traditional views that identify oligodendrocytes solely as nonfunctional support cells are being challenged, and recent studies suggest a more dynamic role for oligodendrocytes in neuronal functioning than previously considered, with the region adjacent to the node of Ranvier (i.e., paranode) considered a critical region of glial–neuronal interaction. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge regarding oligodendrocyte disruptions in psychiatric disorders and related animal models, with a focus on major depression. We then highlight several rodent studies, which suggest that alterations in oligodendrocyte structure and function can produce behavioral changes that are informative of mood regulatory mechanisms. Together, these studies suggest a model, whereby impaired oligodendrocyte and possibly paranode structure and function can impact neural circuitry, leading to downstream effects related to emotionality in rodents, and potentially to mood regulation in human psychiatric disorders

Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Zγ production cross section in pp collisions at 8 TeV and search for anomalous triple gauge boson couplings

Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3.Abstract: The cross section for the production of Zγ in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV is measured based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1. Events with an oppositely-charged pair of muons or electrons together with an isolated photon are selected. The differential cross section as a function of the photon transverse momentum is measured inclusively and exclusively, where the exclusive selection applies a veto on central jets. The observed cross sections are compatible with the expectations of next-to-next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings of ZZγ and Zγγ are set that improve on previous experimental results obtained with the charged lepton decay modes of the Z boson

Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b jets or tau leptons

Peer reviewe

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs boson

Peer reviewe

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Determining thresholds for contrast agent collapse

Determining the threshold of fragmentation of ultrasound contrast agents is important for both imaging and therapeutic ultrasound applications. We detected acoustic emissions from Optison™ microbubbles that were insonified by pulses of ultrasound. Our observations suggest that when the microbubbles rupture, daughter bubbles are created which subsequently grow and then collapse on a time-scale of 1-5 μs. The emission from the "rebound" collapse occurs after the end of the excitation pulse and we used the presence of this signal to determine the thresholds for the shell rupture. These shell-disruption thresholds were found to increase with frequency and decrease with pulse length. © 2004 IEEE

Party government : a rationalistic conception

Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020

Building Cost Index 2004, August

Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT

Measurement of electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

The purely electroweak (EW) cross section for the production of two jets in association with a Z boson, in proton–proton collisions at s√=8TeVs=8TeV , is measured using data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1fb-1 . The electroweak cross section for the ℓℓjjℓℓjj final state (with ℓ=eℓ=e or μμ and j representing the quarks produced in the hard interaction) in the kinematic region defined by Mℓℓ>50Mℓℓ>50 GeVGeV , Mjj>120Mjj>120 GeVGeV , transverse momentum pTj>25pTj>25 GeVGeV , and pseudorapidity |ηj|<5|ηj|<5 , is found to be σEW(ℓℓjj)=174±15(stat)±40(syst)\,fbσEW(ℓℓjj)=174±15(stat)±40(syst)\,fb , in agreement with the standard model prediction. The associated jet activity of the selected events is studied, in particular in a signal-enriched region of phase space, and the measurements are found to be in agreement with QCD predictions.BMWF ; FWF ; FNRS ; FWO ; CNPq ; CAPES ; FAPERJ ; FAPESP ; MEYS ; CERN ; CAS ; MoST ; NSFC ; COLCIENCIAS ; MSES ; RPF ; MoER ; SF0690030s09 ; ERDF ; Academy of Finland ; MEC ; HIP ; CEA ; CNRS/IN2P3 ; BMBF ; DFG ; HGF ; GSRT ; OTKA ; NKTH ; DAE ; DST ; IPM ; SFI ; INFN ; NRF ; WCU ; LAS ; CINVESTAV ; CONACYT ; SEP ; UASLP-FAI ; MSI ; PAEC ; MSHE ; NSC ; FCT ; JINR ; MON ; RosAtom ; RAS ; RFBR ; MSTD ; SEIDI ; CPAN ; Swiss Funding Agencies ; NSC ; ThEPCenter ; IPST ; NSTDA ; TUBITAK ; TAEK ; NASU ; STFC ; University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States ; the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET ; DOE and NSF ; the Leventis Foundation ; the A. P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture ; the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie ; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic ; the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-12-JS05-002-01 ; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo ; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by EU ; Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); and the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund