5 research outputs found

    The mitochondrial cholesterol and oxysterol accumulation during the reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium : mechanisms and implication in cardioprotection

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    L’infarctus du myocarde représente un problème de santé publique dont le traitement de choix consiste à restaurer le flux sanguin (reperfusion) à travers le tissu ischémié dans les plus brefs délais, cependant cette procédure s’accompagne de lésions supplémentaires dont les mécanismes ne sont pas totalement connus. Notre laboratoire a observé que la reperfusion du myocarde s’accompagne d’une accumulation de cholestérol et d’oxystérols dans les mitochondries qui sont impliquées dans l’apparition de ces lésions. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse a donc été d’identifier les mécanismes responsables de cette accumulation. L’utilisation de stratégies cardioprotectrices (statines, exercice physique, ligand de la protéine translocatrice (TSPO)), visant à réduire la concentration cellulaire ou mitochondriale de cholestérol ou le stress oxydant, a tout d’abord permis de mettre en évidence une relation entre l’effet cardioprotecteur et l’inhibition de l’accumulation des stérols mitochondriaux. Cette relation persiste en présence d’une hypercholestérolémie. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que l’accumulation mitochondriale de cholestérol et d’oxystérols est due à la translocation de la protéine StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein) du cytosol à la mitochondrie dans les premières minutes de la reperfusion et que ce phénomène est modulé par le TSPO. L’inhibition de l’expression mitochondriale de la protéine StAR pourrait représenter une stratégie intéressante afin de protéger le myocarde ischémié de la reperfusion et ce notamment en cas d’hypercholestérolémie.Myocardial infarction represents a serious public health issue which requires the restoration of the blood flow (reperfusion) in the ischemic tissue as soon as possible; however cardiac reperfusion also induces additional injuries whose mechanisms are not completely established. Our laboratory showed that myocardial infarction induces the accumulation of cholesterol and oxysterols in the mitochondria which are involved in the induction of reperfusion injury. The objective of this thesis project was to identify the mechanisms responsible for this accumulation. The use of cardioprotective strategies (statin, physical exercise, translocator protein (TSPO) ligand), aiming at reducing the cellular and mitochondrial cholesterol concentrations or the oxidative stress, showed the relation between the cardioprotective effect and the inhibition of the mitochondrial sterol accumulation. This relation persists in hypercholesterolemic animals. Furthermore, we showed that the mitochondrial cholesterol and oxysterol accumulation is caused by the translocation of StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein) from cytosol to mitochondria during the first minutes of the reperfusion and this phenomenon is regulated by the TSPO. The inhibition of the mitochondrial expression of StAR could be an interesting approach in order to protect the ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury, especially in a hypercholesterolemic context

    L’accumulation du cholestérol et des oxystérols mitochondriaux lors de la reperfusion du myocarde ischémique : mécanismes et implication dans la cardioprotection

    No full text
    Myocardial infarction represents a serious public health issue which requires the restoration of the blood flow (reperfusion) in the ischemic tissue as soon as possible; however cardiac reperfusion also induces additional injuries whose mechanisms are not completely established. Our laboratory showed that myocardial infarction induces the accumulation of cholesterol and oxysterols in the mitochondria which are involved in the induction of reperfusion injury. The objective of this thesis project was to identify the mechanisms responsible for this accumulation. The use of cardioprotective strategies (statin, physical exercise, translocator protein (TSPO) ligand), aiming at reducing the cellular and mitochondrial cholesterol concentrations or the oxidative stress, showed the relation between the cardioprotective effect and the inhibition of the mitochondrial sterol accumulation. This relation persists in hypercholesterolemic animals. Furthermore, we showed that the mitochondrial cholesterol and oxysterol accumulation is caused by the translocation of StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein) from cytosol to mitochondria during the first minutes of the reperfusion and this phenomenon is regulated by the TSPO. The inhibition of the mitochondrial expression of StAR could be an interesting approach in order to protect the ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury, especially in a hypercholesterolemic context.L’infarctus du myocarde représente un problème de santé publique dont le traitement de choix consiste à restaurer le flux sanguin (reperfusion) à travers le tissu ischémié dans les plus brefs délais, cependant cette procédure s’accompagne de lésions supplémentaires dont les mécanismes ne sont pas totalement connus. Notre laboratoire a observé que la reperfusion du myocarde s’accompagne d’une accumulation de cholestérol et d’oxystérols dans les mitochondries qui sont impliquées dans l’apparition de ces lésions. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse a donc été d’identifier les mécanismes responsables de cette accumulation. L’utilisation de stratégies cardioprotectrices (statines, exercice physique, ligand de la protéine translocatrice (TSPO)), visant à réduire la concentration cellulaire ou mitochondriale de cholestérol ou le stress oxydant, a tout d’abord permis de mettre en évidence une relation entre l’effet cardioprotecteur et l’inhibition de l’accumulation des stérols mitochondriaux. Cette relation persiste en présence d’une hypercholestérolémie. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que l’accumulation mitochondriale de cholestérol et d’oxystérols est due à la translocation de la protéine StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein) du cytosol à la mitochondrie dans les premières minutes de la reperfusion et que ce phénomène est modulé par le TSPO. L’inhibition de l’expression mitochondriale de la protéine StAR pourrait représenter une stratégie intéressante afin de protéger le myocarde ischémié de la reperfusion et ce notamment en cas d’hypercholestérolémie

    Identification of a mechanism promoting mitochondrial sterol accumulation during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion: role of TSPO and STAR

    No full text
    International audienceHypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery diseases and cardiac ischemic events. Cholesterol per se could also have negative effects on the myocardium, independently from hypercholesterolemia. Previously, we reported that myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induces a deleterious build-up of mitochondrial cholesterol and oxysterols, which is potentiated by hypercholesterolemia and prevented by translocator protein (TSPO) ligands. Here, we studied the mechanism by which sterols accumulate in cardiac mitochondria and promote mitochondrial dysfunction. We performed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats to evaluate mitochondrial function, TSPO and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) levels and the related mitochondrial concentrations of sterols. Rats were treated with the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor pravastatin or the TSPO ligand 4’-chlorodiazepam. We used Tspo deleted rats, which were phenotypically characterized. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis reduced mitochondrial sterol accumulation and protected mitochondria during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. We found that cardiac mitochondrial sterol accumulation is the consequence of enhanced influx of cholesterol and not of the inhibition of its mitochondrial metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation at reperfusion was related to an increase in mitochondrial STAR but not to changes in TSPO levels. 4’-Chlorodiazepam inhibited this mechanism and prevented mitochondrial sterol accumulation and mitochondrial ischemia-reperfusion injury, underlying the close cooperation between STAR and TSPO. Conversely, Tspo deletion, which did not alter cardiac phenotype, abolished the effects of 4’-chlorodiazepam. This study reveals a novel mitochondrial interaction between TSPO and STAR to promote cholesterol and deleterious sterol mitochondrial accumulation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This interaction regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a key role during mitochondrial injury

    Mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO): From physiology to cardioprotection

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    Endozepines and their receptors: Structure, functions and pathophysiological significance

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