Young People in the Arab World from the Democratic ‘Spring’ to the Jihadist ‘Winter’?: Participation and Social and Political Activism

Este monográfico se enmarca dentro de los resultados del proyecto “Juventudes, cambio social, política y sociedades en red en el Mediterráneo. El caso de los países magrebíes” (CSO2011-­‐29438-­‐C05-­‐04) (2012-­‐2014) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Percepciones del Islam y de los musulmanes en los Medios de comunicación en España

Observatorio Español de Reacismo y Xenofobi

Localisation de la déformation dans les milieux granulaires

International audienceThis paper discusses strain localisation in granular media by presenting experimental, full-field analysis of mechanical tests on sand, both at a continuum level, as well as at the grain scale. At the continuum level, the development of structures of localised strain can be studied. Even at this scale, the characteristic size of the phenomena observed is in the order of a few grains. In the second part of this paper, therefore, the development of shear bands within specimen of different sands is studied at the level of the individual grains, measuring grains kinematics with x-ray tomography. The link between grain angularity and grain rotation within shear bands is shown, allowing a grain-scale explanation of the difference in macroscopic residual stresses for materials with different grain shapes. Finally, rarely described precursors of localisation, emerging well before the stress peak are observed and commented

Young People and Political and Social Activism in the Maghreb: The Participants in the 2013 Tunis World Social Forum

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la participación social y política de los jóvenes norteafricanos. Este fenómeno ha adquirido un renovado interés tanto sociológico como político tras las movilizaciones de descontento que protagonizaron fundamentalmente los jóvenes en el Magreb a principio de 2011. Para analizarlo presentamos los resultados de una encuesta a jóvenes activistas de Argelia, Marruecos, y Túnez que hemos realizado durante el Foro Social Mundial (FMS) que se celebró en Túnez en marzo de 2013. La muestra se compone de más de 200 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 35 años y que son miembros de organizaciones de la sociedad civil magrebí. Nos centramos en los aspectos metodológicos del trabajo de campo, el perfil socio-¬‐demográfico de los jóvenes militantes, los objetivos y las causas que orientan la labor de las organizaciones en las que participan, y las opiniones que expresan ante la “Primavera árabe”. A modo de conclusiones destacamos las aportaciones de nuestro estudio en relación con las dimensiones de género y las variables nacionalesThe aim of this paper is to progress in the knowledge of participation of young people in collective actions in the North African countries. This is a phenomenon of great interest in terms of sociological and political issues after the massive protests that have been led by young people at the beginning of 2011. We will present the results of a survey of young activists from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. During the World Social Forum (WSF), held in Tunisia in March, 2013, we interviewed a little over two hundred young people between the ages of eighteen and thirty-­‐five, members of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. We will first present the methodologic issue of the fieldwork. Second we analyze the socio-­‐demographic profile of the young activists, the causes which shape the work of the CSOs, the motivations of these young people in participating in collective action and the attitudes they report with regard to the protest movements of 2011 called “Arab Spring”. Finally, we will contrast the responses given – on the one hand, in terms of gender, and on the other, of countr

Morphologies of three-dimensional shear bands in granular media

We present numerical results on spontaneous symmetry breaking strain localization in axisymmetric triaxial shear tests of granular materials. We simulated shear band formation using three-dimensional Distinct Element Method with spherical particles. We demonstrate that the local shear intensity, the angular velocity of the grains, the coordination number, and the local void ratio are correlated and any of them can be used to identify shear bands, however the latter two are less sensitive. The calculated shear band morphologies are in good agreement with those found experimentally. We show that boundary conditions play an important role. We discuss the formation mechanism of shear bands in the light of our observations and compare the results with experiments. At large strains, with enforced symmetry, we found strain hardening.Comment: 6 pages 5 figures, low resolution figures

Participación política y cívica de los jóvenes en África del Norte: Prácticas, discursos y opiniones

This text introduces the special issue that examines the opinions and political behaviour of young people in the three Maghreb countries - Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco - over the last ten years, after the so-called "Arab Spring". The assumption is that, although young North Africans do not form a homogeneous category and may even defend antagonistic outlooks on society, there are underlying trends that structure this emerging generation. The contributions of this special issue are articulated around three main topics: the construction and the representations of Youth as a social and political category; the political attitudes of young people and their perception of their respective societies in general and of political actors in particular; and finally, on the conflicto between, on the one hand, the recognition of their rights and spaces for civic participation and, on the other, their electoral disaffection as reflected by opinion surveys and official data. In other words, this special issue discusses the complexity of the rise of a new generation through their narratives and their practicesEn este texto se presenta el número monográfico que se centra en el análisis de las opiniones y comportamientos políticos de los jóvenes de los tres países del Magreb - Argelia, Túnez y Marruecos – en los diez últimos años, esto es, dentro del contexto marcado por la contestación conocida como “Primavera árabe”. Las distintas contribuciones parten de la premisa según la cual, si bien los jóvenes norteafricanos no forman una categoría homogénea, y pueden incluso defender visiones normativas antagónicas de la sociedad, lo cierto es que se pueden identificar grandes tendencias que marcan esta generación en formación. Los grandes ejes que vertebran las distintas contribuciones de este número monográfico son los siguientes: la construcción y representaciones de la juventud como categoría social y política; las actitudes políticas de los jóvenes y la percepción que tienen de sus respectivas sociedades en general y de los actores políticos en particular ; y por último, el contraste entre de una parte, el reconocimiento de derechos y espacios para la participación cívica de los jóvenes y, de otra, la desafección electoral que evidencian las encuestas de opinión y los datos oficiales. En suma, se trata de reflexionar sobre la compleja emergencia de una nueva generación a través de sus discursos y prácticas

La cuestión de la frecuencia y el tipo de trato con inmigrantes: una aproximación a los efectos de las relaciones intergrupales sobre las actitudes hacia la inmigración

The goal of this report is to look in more depth at the effects that the relationships between indigenous people and immigrants can have on the attitudes of the former towards the latter. The study uses the results of a national opinion poll on the perception of Spaniards towards immigration. Following the traditional perspective of contact theory developed by G.W. Allport, two central questions are posed here: first, if more frequent contact between indigenous and immigrantcommunities brings with it a more positive perception of the migratoryphenomenon and second, if the type of relationship established between the two groups influences this perception. In other words, to what extent does intergroup contact contribute to reducing stereotypes and prejudices towards immigrants