Tingkat Pemanfaatan dan Estimasi Potensi Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) di Kawasan Teluk Bone

Information about potency and utilization of Skipjack Tuna in Bone Bay region will support regionalmanagement of fisheries resources in Indonesiabased on characteristic and carrying capacity of marine waters,espcially in Bay region. The aims of this study were to estimate potency of Skipjack Tuna and the level of theirutilization in Bone Bay region and to estimate the primary productivity produced by euphotic zone (Pp).Analysis methods used in this study were catch per unit effort(CPUE) and maximum sustainable yield (MSY),vertically generalized production model (VGPM) which required data of photosynthetically active radiationanddepth of euphotic zone, fish production model by considering energy transfer efficiency among trophic level.This study was conducted for eight months in Luwu Regency.The result of the study showed that the utilization ofthe Skipjack Tunawas bigger than the MSY,.The Ppeu was in the range of 483.3143to 1306.027 mgC m. The Skipjack Tuna biomass estimation was in the range of 97.87 to264.47tonne

Management of penetrating injury to thoracic inlet and lower neck with retained foreign body using video assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Penetrating neck and chest injuries are a common form of occupational injuries. We hereby report a unique case in which a metallic rod had penetrated the left chest and neck of a plastic factory worker. The patient was vitally stable when he presented to Emergency Room. Chest X-ray was performed and the patient was rushed to the operating room. VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic surgery) and neck dissection was done for retrieval of the metallic rod. On table, endoscopy was also done to rule out injury to oesophagus. No injury to vital structures was found and the subsequent recovery was uneventful

Modulatory and Toxicological Perspectives on the Effects of the Small Molecule Kinetin

Plant hormones are small regulatory molecules that exert pharmacological actions in mammalian cells such as anti-oxidative and pro-metabolic effects. Kinetin belongs to the group of plant hormones cytokinin and has been associated with modulatory functions in mammalian cells. The mammalian adenosine receptor (A2a-R) is known to modulate multiple physiological responses in animal cells. Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner. To harness the beneficial effects of kinetin for future human use, we assess its acute toxicity by analyzing different biochemical and histological markers in rats. Kinetin at a dose below 1 mg/kg had no adverse effects on the serum level of glucose or on the activity of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the kinetin treated rats. Whereas, creatinine levels increased after a kinetin treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Furthermore, 5 mg/kg treated kinetin rats showed normal renal corpuscles, but a mild degeneration was observed in the renal glomeruli and renal tubules, as well as few degenerated hepatocytes were also observed in the liver. Kinetin doses below 5 mg/kg did not show any localized toxicity in the liver and kidney tissues. In addition to unraveling the binding interaction between kinetin and A2a-R, our findings suggest safe dose limits for the future use of kinetin as a therapeutic and modulatory agent against various pathophysiological conditions

Performance Assessment and Working Fluid Selection for Novel Integrated Vapor Compression Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle for Ultra Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery

This paper presents the performance assessment and working fluid selection for a novel integrated vapor compression cycle-organic Rankine cycle system (i-VCC-ORC), which recovers ultra-low-temperature waste heat rejected (50 °C) by the condenser of a vapor compression cycle (VCC). The analyses are carried out for a vapor compression cycle of a refrigeration capacity (heat input) of 35kW along with the component sizing of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The effects of the operational parameters on integrated system performance were investigated. The integrated system performance is estimated in terms of net COP, cycle thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency by completely utilizing and recovering the heat rejected by the condenser of the VCC system. R600a-R141b with COPnet (3.54) and ORC thermal efficiency (3.05%) is found to be the most suitable VCC-ORC working fluid pair. The integration of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle with the organic Rankine cycle increases the COP of the system by 12.5% as compared to the standalone COP of the vapor compression system. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis results show that there exists an optimum operating condition that maximizes the thermal performance of the integrated system

Age-related Risk Factors and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the reported symptoms and comorbidities and assess the correlation between a series of symptoms and comorbidities and age of the patients’ positive in COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis [PROSPERO registration: CRD42020182677]. Databases [PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WHO, Semantic Scholar, and COVID-19 Primer] were searched for clinical studies published from January to April 2020. The pooled prevalence of symptoms and comorbidities were identified using the random effect model, and the multivariable factor analysis was performed to show the correlation between a group of symptoms and comorbidities and age of the COVID-19 patients. Results: Twenty-nine articles, with 4,884 COVID-19 patients were included in this study.  Altogether, we found 33 symptoms and 44 comorbidities where the most frequent 19 symptoms and 11 comorbidities were included in the meta-analysis. The fever [84%], cough/dry cough [61%], and fatigue/weakness [42%] were found more prevalent. On the other hand, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypertension and diabetes were the most prevalent comorbid condition. The multivariable factor analysis showed positive association between a group of symptoms and comorbidities, and with the patients' age. The symptoms comprising fever, dyspnea/shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, anorexia and pharyngalgia; and the comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD/lung disease and ARDS were positively correlated with the COVID-19 patient’s age. Conclusion: As a unique effort, this study found a group of symptoms and comorbidities, correlated with age of the COVID-19 patients that may help to implement patient-centred interventions

Soil properties change, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with plants growing on the post-gold mining land of Bombana, Indonesia

This study aimed to investigate the effect of gold mining on soil properties. Soil samples were taken from the post-gold mining land, the property of PT Panca Logam Nusantara and PT Alam Buana Indonesia, and a nearby natural forest in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The next step focused on specifying soil pH, total nitrogen (TN) and carbon (TC) concentration, C/N ratio, available phosphorus (P) concentration, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb concentration, texture and spore amount, AMF resource and AMF colonization. The result shows that the pH in post-gold mining soil was higher than that in natural forest soil. Meanwhile, TN, TC, available P, and CEC of post-gold mining soil got lower compared with these of natural forest soil. The texture in the post-mining soil was clay loam, while that in natural forest soil was clay. Total of 10 AMF species belonging to five genera and three families were found in a post-gold mining area. Soil pH, CEC, soil texture, Mn, and total Fe had a negative relation with AMF colonization and spore count, while organic C, total N, C/N ratio, P2O5 and silt had a positive relation. Sand was proven to have a strong and positive correlation with the amount of AMF species. Adding organic matter and fertilization as well as applying mycorrhizal biofertilizers, were urgently required to support the effort in restoring post-gold mining soil

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Mutational spectrum in a worldwide study of 29,700 families with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

The prevalence and spectrum of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported in single populations, with the majority of reports focused on White in Europe and North America. The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) has assembled data on 18,435 families with BRCA1 mutations and 11,351 families with BRCA2 mutations ascertained from 69 centers in 49 countries on six continents. This study comprehensively describes the characteristics of the 1,650 unique BRCA1 and 1,731 unique BRCA2 deleterious (disease-associated) mutations identified in the CIMBA database. We observed substantial variation in mutation type and frequency by geographical region and race/ethnicity. In addition to known founder mutations, mutations of relatively high frequency were identified in specific racial/ethnic or geographic groups that may reflect founder mutations and which could be used in targeted (panel) first pass genotyping for specific populations. Knowledge of the population-specific mutational spectrum in BRCA1 and BRCA2 could inform efficient strategies for genetic testing and may justify a more broad-based oncogenetic testing in some populations

Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings In 2017, 544.9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506.9- 584.8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39.8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex- specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7.0% [95% UI 6.8-7 .2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578-4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18.0% since 1990, while total DALYs increased by 13.3%. However, when accounting for ageing and population growth, declines were observed in age-standardised prevalence (14.3% decrease), agestandardised death rates (42.6%), and age-standardised DALY rates (38.2%). In males and females, most chronic respiratory disease-attributable deaths and DALYs were due to COPD. In regional analyses, mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases were greatest in south Asia and lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, also across both sexes. Notably, although absolute prevalence was lower in south Asia than in most other super-regions, YLLs due to chronic respiratory diseases across the subcontinent were the highest in the world. Death rates due to interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis were greater than those due to pneumoconiosis in all super-regions. Smoking was the leading risk factor for chronic respiratory disease-related disability across all regions for men. Among women, household air pollution from solid fuels was the predominant risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, while ambient particulate matter represented the leading risk factor in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, and in the Middle East and north Africa super-region. Interpretation Our study shows that chronic respiratory diseases remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with growth in absolute numbers but sharp declines in several age-standardised estimators since 1990. Premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases seems to be highest in regions with less-resourced health systems on a per-capita basis