Identifying the perceptual role of cultural distance in Norwegian-Brazilian Business relationship conflict

Master's thesis in BusinessBusiness to business relationships across cultures is growing in importance due to improved transportation, communication technologies and globalisation thus making it easier for businesses to trade across national boundaries. Building and maintaining good business relationships is imperative for international business success. However, cultural differences between parties in a business relationship may influence the strength of the relationship because the behaviour and expectation of each party is influenced by their culture. This thesis is designed to explore the perceptual role of cultural distance in Norwegian- Brazilian business relationship conflict. This study seeks to contribute to the understanding of business relationships when parties are pressurised. The findings of this study will equip Norwegian managers with usable and intelligent information for managing cultural differences and conflict. In addition, these findings will provide relevant insights and recommendations to stakeholders wishing to establish businesses in Brazil. The research method is a qualitative, exploratory cross-sectional study of eight Norwegian companies operating in Brazil. Data collection took place in Rio de Janeiro, over a period of two weeks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine informants to find out their perception of cultural differences and how these differences affect their relationship with business partners. The participants were selected using purposive sampling involving both criterion and convenience sampling. The data was analysed through an interpretive paradigm using the Ritchie and Spencer’s (1994) framework analysis. The findings reveal that cultural differences in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, communication pattern, trust and attitude to time, cause misunderstanding, misinterpretation, frustrations, financial loss, etc in business relationship hence increasing the risk of conflict. Implications of the study are highlighted

Qualidade microbiológica de frutas e hortaliças comercializadas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE

Em uma dieta equilibrada o consumo de hortaliças é de fundamental importância, devido o seu alto valor nutricional. A contaminação microbiológica da alface e do tomate pode ocorrer antes e após a colheita, através do contato com a água contaminada da irrigação, durante o transporte, pelas mãos dos manipuladores e até mesmo através da água utilizada para sua higienização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade microbiológica de alfaces e tomates comercializados em supermercados da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará. As amostras foram coletadas em oito supermercados e em seguida levadas para o laboratório de microbiologia de alimentos da FATEC – Cariri, onde foram realizadas análises de coliformes totais e fecais e Salmonella spp, segundo as normas da APHA (American Public Health Association). Os resultados obtidos para coliformes totais e fecais mostraram que as amostras estavam fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação, para Salmonella spp revelaram que todas as amostras (100%) encontravam-se de acordo com o padrão federal vigente.

GESTÃO À VISTA NO SETOR PÚBLICO: UMA APLICAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo de caso de aplicação de Gestão à Vista, desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, de forma a contribuir e fomentar a discussão acerca de melhores práticas para a Gestão Universitária. Além da Gestão à Vista, o estudo de caso envolveu a discussão e utilização de outros modelos e instrumentos de gestão, como a Gestão de Processos de Negócios e os Sistemas Kanban e Sistema de Produção Puxada. O estudo caracteriza-se com uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, do tipo estudo de caso avaliativo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados envolveu o uso da observação-participante e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, conduzidas pela implementação do ciclo de vida do Business Process Management, conhecido pela sigla BPM. A aplicação trouxe como principais resultados a redução dos tempos de análises nos fluxos de trabalho, a visão holística dos processos, o compartilhamento e transparência de informações, maior agilidade na organização do trabalho, um melhor atendimento às demandas internas e externas e melhorias no clima organizacional

Influência do ambiente térmico no comportamento e desempenho zootécnico de suínos

Environmental modifiers, such as the use of water blade, are often used to produce pigs in order to improve welfare conditions and consequently production. In view of this consideration, we sought to evaluate the effect of the climatic environment on the weight gain and the behavior of pigs in the finishing phase in stalls with and without access to the water blade. The work was conducted in a pig farm located in the city of Nova Porteirinha, located in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais. In order to evaluate the thermal comfort of the animals, the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI) was used to evaluate the thermal comfort of the animals and to analyze the behavior of the pigs, the number of animals performing the activity, for the period evaluated, as well as the gain of weight were observed. In the 3rd block, black globe temperature and humidity index values were higher, with lower average daily weight gain. The treatments resulted in different behavioral responses, with water blade behavior being more expressive in the afternoon. The evaluation period showed that to influence surface temperature and at high temperatures the animals presented lower daily average weight gain. The water table did not influence the animals' weight gain, however, it provided better welfare conditions.Os modificadores ambientais, como o uso da lâmina d’água, são frequentemente utilizados na produção de suínos, com intuito de melhorar as condições de bem-estar e consequentemente, a produção. Diante dessa consideração, buscou-se avaliar o efeito do ambiente climático sobre o ganho de peso e o comportamento de suínos em fase de terminação em baias com e sem acesso à lâmina d’água. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma granja suinícola localizada na cidade de Nova Porteirinha, localizada na região semiárida de Minas Gerais. Para avaliar o conforto térmico dos animais utilizou-se o Índice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU) e para análise do comportamento dos suínos observou-se o número de animais realizando a atividade, por período avaliado, bem como, o ganho de peso. No terceiro bloco os valores de índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade foram maiores havendo menor ganho de peso médio diário. Os tratamentos resultam em diferentes respostas comportamentais, sendo o comportamento na lâmina d’água mais expressivo no período da tarde. O período de avaliação mostrou influenciar na temperatura superficial e em temperaturas elevadas os animais apresentam menor ganho de peso médio diário. A lâmina d’água não influenciou no ganho de peso dos animais, entretanto, proporcionou melhores condições de bem-estar

Doença de Parkinson, exercício físico e qualidade de vida: uma revisão / Parkinson's disease, exercise and quality of life: a review

A Doença de Parkinson é caracterizada como uma doença neurológica crônica, degenerativa e progressiva que acomete o sistema motor. A doença de Parkinson ainda não tem cura. O tratamento pode ser feito de forma medicamentosa, por meio do uso de fármacos, cirurgias e tratamentos adjuvantes que se constitui por exercício físico associado a fisioterapia. A prática regular de exercício físico tem sido fundamental para amenizar ou retardar o aparecimento dos sintomas e garantir independência para os parkinsonianos. Desta forma, este estudo objetivou analisar os benefícios proporcionados pelo exercício físico aos indivíduos com doença de Parkinson. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs e Medline. Os descritores utilizados foram “doença de Parkinson”, “exercício físico” e “qualidade de vida”, utilizou-se como critérios de inclusão, artigos publicados no período de 2000 a 2020 e trabalhos completos. Os principais benefícios promovidos pelo exercício físico relatados foram melhora da marcha, equilíbrio, flexibilidade e mobilidade funcional. 

IMPACTOS E REPERCURÇÕES DA SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT DOS ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM NA ONCOLOGIA

Introduction: Oncology professionals face psychosocial stressors in the performance of their work activities that make them vulnerable to Burnout. Burnout Syndrome is a way of responding to chronic work stress, which is a condition in which the worker wears out, and tends to give up, as he loses satisfaction and sense of work. Objective: This article aimed to analyze scientific articles that address the presence of Burnout Syndrome in nurses working in the field of oncology. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review research carried out with articles indexed in scientific sites through the descriptors: Burnout Syndrome, nurses, oncology. Analysis and discussion of results: Through this study, it was found that the hospital environment and the oncology sector are places that produce great stress loads, and predisposing factors for professionals, especially nurses who are in greater contact with the patient, to develop the Burnout Syndrome. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a need for more research on the syndrome, especially in the oncology sector, highlighting the working conditions of these professionals and a focus on the physical and mental health of workers.    Introducción: Los profesionales de oncología enfrentan estresores psicosociales en el desempeño de sus actividades laborales que los hacen vulnerables al Burnout. El Síndrome de Burnout es una forma de responder al estrés laboral crónico, que es una condición en la que el trabajador se desgasta y tiende a rendirse, ya que pierde la satisfacción y el sentido del trabajo. Objetivo: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar artículos científicos que abordan la presencia del Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros que actúan en el área de oncología. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación integrativa de revisión bibliográfica realizada con artículos indexados en sitios científicos a través de los descriptores: Síndrome de Burnout, enfermeros, oncología. Análisis y discusión de resultados: A través de este estudio se constató que el ambiente hospitalario y el sector oncológico son lugares que producen grandes cargas de estrés, y factores predisponentes para los profesionales, especialmente enfermeros que están en mayor contacto con el paciente, a desarrollar el Burnout Síndrome. Conclusión: Se concluye que existe la necesidad de más investigaciones sobre el síndrome, especialmente en el sector de la oncología, destacando las condiciones de trabajo de estos profesionales y un enfoque en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores.  Introdução: Profissionais da oncologia enfrentam estressores psicossociais no desempenho de suas atividades laborais que os tornam vulneráveis ao Burnout. A Síndrome de Burnout é uma maneira de resposta ao estresse laboral crônico, sendo esta uma condição na qual o trabalhador se desgasta, e tende a desistir, na medida em que perde a satisfação e sentido pelo trabalho. Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar artigos científicos que abordam a presença da Síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros que trabalham na área de oncologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura integrativa realizada com artigos indexados em sites de cunho científico através dos descritores: Síndrome de Burnout, enfermeiros, oncologia. Análise e discussão dos resultados: Através deste estudo, foram constatados que o ambiente hospitalar e o setor de oncologia são locais que produzem grandes cargas de estresse, e fatores predisponentes aos profissionais, principalmente os enfermeiros que estão em contato maior com o paciente, a desenvolverem a Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre a síndrome, principalmente no setor oncológico, ressaltando as condições de trabalho destes profissionais e um foco à saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores.  Introdução: Profissionais da oncologia enfrentam estressores psicossociais no desempenho de suas atividades laborais que os tornam vulneráveis ao Burnout. A Síndrome de Burnout é uma maneira de resposta ao estresse laboral crônico, sendo esta uma condição na qual o trabalhador se desgasta, e tende a desistir, na medida em que perde a satisfação e sentido pelo trabalho. Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar artigos científicos que abordam a presença da Síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros que trabalham na área de oncologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura integrativa realizada com artigos indexados em sites de cunho científico através dos descritores: Síndrome de Burnout, enfermeiros, oncologia. Análise e discussão dos resultados: Através deste estudo, foram constatados que o ambiente hospitalar e o setor de oncologia são locais que produzem grandes cargas de estresse, e fatores predisponentes aos profissionais, principalmente os enfermeiros que estão em contato maior com o paciente, a desenvolverem a Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre a síndrome, principalmente no setor oncológico, ressaltando as condições de trabalho destes profissionais e um foco à saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores.

BENEFÍCIOS DA MICROSCOPIA OPERATÓRIA NO TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO

Microscopy was already used in several areas of medicine since 1953, but its use in dentistry only started in 1977, by Baumann, a doctor and dentist, who always wondered why dentistry was still not enjoying the benefits that the device offered. The objective of the present work is to evaluate and benefit the use of the operating microscope in endodontics, thus establishing, through this study, the achievement of greater success during a treatment. This work is a narrative review of the literature, which considers review articles, clinical case reports, monographs and book chapters published in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and Google Scholar databases. It can be verified, through this literature review, that operative microscopy brings a better quality to endodontic treatment, by allowing better illumination of the operative field, better resolution of the enlarged object, ergonomic position, greater biosecurity, ease of visual documentation and less tooth wear treated, in addition to enabling better resolution of clinical cases. However, as a disadvantage, the use of the optical microscope has a high cost and demand from the dentist the ability of adaptation to the use of indirect vision as a way of working, but these details do not detract from all the advantages and qualities presented by the use of magnification in the resolution of clinical cases.A microscopia já era usufruída em diversas áreas da medicina desde 1953, porém, na odontologia foi inicializada somente em 1977, por Baumann, médico e cirurgião-dentista, que sempre se questionava do porquê a odontologia ainda não desfrutava dos benefícios que o aparelho oferecia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar e beneficiar a utilização do microscópio operatório na endodontia, firmando assim, por meio deste estudo, a obtenção de maior sucesso durante um tratamento. Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão narrativa da literatura, que considera artigos de revisão, relato de caso clínico, monografias e capítulos de livros publicados nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Pode-se verificar através dessa revisão que a microscopia operatória traz uma melhor qualidade ao tratamento endodôntico, por permitir uma melhor iluminação do campo operatório, melhor resolução do objeto ampliado, posição ergométrica, maior biossegurança, facilidade de documentação visual e menor desgaste do dente tratado, além de possibilitar uma melhor resolutividade de casos clínicos. Contudo, como desvantagem, o uso do microscópio ótico apresenta um elevado custo e exige do clínico a capacidade de se adaptar ao uso da visão indireta como forma de trabalho. Entretanto, esses detalhes não desmerecem todas as vantagens e qualidades apresentadas pelo uso da magnificação na resolução de casos clínicos

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic