Effect Of Morinda Citrifolia (Linn.) On Phase 1 And II Drug Metabolism And Its Molecular Mechanism Elucidation In Rat Liver [QK495.R85 M214 2006 f rb].

Morinda citrofilia umumnya dikenali sebagai Noni dan orang tempatan menamakannya mengkudu adalah satu di antara tumbuhan ubat Polinesia yang sangat penting. Morinda citifolia (Noni) telah digunakan secara meluas dalam perubatan kampong oleh orang-orang Polinesia sejak lebih 2000 tahun dahulu. Ia dikatakan mempunyai kesan terapeutik yang meluas termasuk kegunaan antikanser dalam klinikal, dan terhadap haiwan makmal, dan juga bekesan sebagai agen antibakteria, antivirus, antikulat, antihelmin, analgesik, antihipotensif, antiinflamasi dan juga mempunyai kesan menguatkan sistem imun. Morinda citrifolia commonly known as Noni and locally known as mengkudu is one of the most important traditional Polynesian medicinal plants. Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been used extensively in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2,000 years. It has been reported to have broad therapeutic effects, including anticancer properties in clinical practice and in laboratory animal models and are effective as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihelminthics, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory agents, and immune system enhancing effects. As the use of phytomedicine together with modern medications has become more popular nowadays, the possibilities of herbdrug interactions have increased

The Effects Of Standardised Extract Of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (TAF 273) On The Female Rat Reproductive System

Eurycoma longifolia Jack has shown promising pharmacological effects on the male reproductive system. A fraction of methanol extract, TAF 273 has shown improvement of male rat fertility and an increment in sperm numbers significantly. The objectives of the present studies are to test the hypothesis that TAF 273 could improve ovulation and other reproductive functions such as pregnancy outcome and sexual behaviour in female rats. TAF 273 was administered to female rats in various physiological and pathological states and several parameters were assessed for its biological effects. The results showed that TAF 273 significantly (p<0.01) increased ovulation in normal fertile (7.4 � 1.4) and hypofertile rats (11.0 � 4.6) compared with the control (5.6 � 1.4 and 3.4 � 1.5, respectively). It caused significant (p<0.001) improvement in the sexual behaviour of hypofertile rats; in rats treated with TAF 273, the lordosis quotient percentage after treatment was 86.9% compared with 22.7% before treatment. TAF 273 showed also significant protection against the detrimental effects of estradiol valerate (2 mg/rat) on ovarian and uterine tissues in polycystic ovarian rats. Moreover, TAF 273 significantly improved (p<0.05) the regularity of the oestrous cycle (OC), as well as pregnancy indices in testosterone-induced polycystic ovaries in rats; the rats treated with testosterone+TAF 273 (62.5%) and testosterone-treated rats (37.5%) exhibit normal OC

Effect Of Morinda Citrifolia (Linn.) On Phase I And Ii Drug Metabolism And Its Molecular Mechanism Elucidation In Rat Liver

Morinda citrofilia umumnya dikenali sebagai Noni dan orang tempatan menamakannya mengkudu adalah satu di antara tumbuhan ubat Polinesia yang sangat penting. Morinda citrifolia commonly known as Noni and locally known as mengkudu is one of the most important traditional Polynesian medicinal plants

Size dependence of efficiency of PbS quantum dots in NiO-based dye sensitised solar cells and mechanistic charge transfer investigation

Quantum dots (QDs) are very attractive materials for solar cells due to their high absorption coefficients, size dependence and easy tunability of their optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement. Particularly interesting are the PbS QDs owing to their broad spectral absorption until the long wavelengths, their easy processability and low cost. Here, we used control of the PbS QDs size to understand charge transfer processes at the interfaces of NiO semiconductor and explain the optimal QDs size in photovoltaic devices. Towards this goal, we have synthesized a series of PbS QDs with different diameters (2.8 A until 4A) and investigated charge transfer dynamics by time resolved spectroscopy and their ability to act as sensitizers in nanocrystalline NiO based solar cells using the cobalt tris(4,4'-diterbutyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complex as redox mediator. We found that PbS QDs with average diameter of 3.0 nm are optimal size in terms of efficient charge transfers and light harvesting efficiency for photovoltaic performances. Our study showed that an hole injection from PbS QDs to NiO valence band (VB) is an efficient process even with low injection driving force (0.3 eV) and occurs in 6-10 ns. Furthermore we found that the direct electrolyte reduction (photoinduced electron transfer to the cobalt redox mediator) also occurs in parallel to the hole injection with rate constant of similar magnitude (10-20 ns). In spite of its large driving force, the rate constant of the oxidative quenching of PbS by Co(III) diminishes more steeply than hole injection on NiO when the diameter of PbS increases. This is understood as the consequence of increasing the trap states that limit electron shift. We believe that our detailed findings will advance the future design of QD sensitized photocathodes. © 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at / https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR03698

Evaluation of the knowledge and practices of pregnant Yemeni Women regarding teratogens

Purpose: To investigate the knowledge and practice of pregnant women with regards to teratogens.Methods: A month-long cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 pregnant women selected from four Motherhood and Child Healthcare Centers (MCHCs) in Mukalla District of Yemen. Data collection was conducted during face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. Descriptive and simple regression analyses were used.Results: Of the 150 pregnant women who participated in the study, 95.3 % of the pregnant women were &lt; 36 years old, 7.4 % had children with congenital malformations, 62 % indicated that they had heard about folic acid; however, only 16.6 % knew the significance of folic acid. Regarding toxoplasmosis, 94.7 % indicated that they had heard about toxoplasmosis, and 76 % knew about the serious consequences of the disease (congenital malformation and abortion) during pregnancy. Based on simple regression analysis, the results indicate that education and parity, irrespective of age or income level, were the major factors determining better knowledge and practices in pregnancy with regards to toxoplasmosis.Conclusion: Knowledge of folic acid deficiency among pregnant women in Mukalla District of Yemen is relatively low. Furthermore, preventive practices to avoid folic acid deficiency are minimal.Keywords: Knowledge, Practices, Teratogens, Pregnant Yemeni women, Folic acid deficienc

Size dependence of efficiency of PbS quantum dots in NiO-based dye sensitised solar cells and mechanistic charge transfer investigation

ANR is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of these researches through the QuePhelec project (n° ANR-13-BS10-0011-01). Région des Pays de la Loire and Nantes University for the project LUMOMAT are also acknowledged. We acknowledge support from the European Research Council (grant number 321305) and the EPSRC (grant number EP/L017008/1). IDWS is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award holder. The research data supporting this publication can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.17630/ddaebfb9-e127-43cb-9048-966a572b50ac.Quantum dots (QDs) are very attractive materials for solar cells due to their high absorption coefficients, size dependence and easy tunability of their optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement. Particularly interesting are the PbS QDs owing to their broad spectral absorption until the long wavelengths, their easy processability and low cost. Here, we used control of the PbS QDs size to understand charge transfer processes at the interfaces of NiO semiconductor and explain the optimal QDs size in photovoltaic devices. Towards this goal, we have synthesized a series of PbS QDs with different diameters (2.8 A until 4A) and investigated charge transfer dynamics by time resolved spectroscopy and their ability to act as sensitizers in nanocrystalline NiO based solar cells using the cobalt tris(4,4'-diterbutyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complex as redox mediator. We found that PbS QDs with average diameter of 3.0 nm are optimal size in terms of efficient charge transfers and light harvesting efficiency for photovoltaic performances. Our study showed that an hole injection from PbS QDs to NiO valence band (VB) is an efficient process even with low injection driving force (0.3 eV) and occurs in 6-10 ns. Furthermore we found that the direct electrolyte reduction (photoinduced electron transfer to the cobalt redox mediator) also occurs in parallel to the hole injection with rate constant of similar magnitude (10-20 ns). In spite of its large driving force, the rate constant of the oxidative quenching of PbS by Co(III) diminishes more steeply than hole injection on NiO when the diameter of PbS increases. This is understood as the consequence of increasing the trap states that limit electron shift. We believe that our detailed findings will advance the future design of QD sensitized photocathodes.PostprintPeer reviewe

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10&nbsp;years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37&nbsp;years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches. Results: The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb–drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided

Morphology of Medical Pathological Terms with the Prefix (Cardio)

Medical terminology plays a crucial role in the understanding and communication within the medical field. Rooted in ancient languages such as Greek and Latin, medical terms consist of various components including prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels. However, identifying the root of word formation within medical terms is essential for comprehensive comprehension. This research aims to address this by focusing on the prefix "cardio" and its associated medical pathological terms. Through systematic analysis, a list of medical pathological terms with the prefix "cardio" and their meanings was compiled. The study reveals the significance of understanding the roots of medical terms, highlighting their relevance in both medical education and practice. This research contributes to bridging the knowledge gap in medical terminology, emphasizing its importance in the medical and educational realms